Effects Of Three Organic Fertilizers On Physiological And Ecological Characteristics,Yield And Quality Of Echium Vulgare L.

Echium vulgare is an annual herb plant which belongs to Angiosperm,Dicotyledoneae,Sympetalous,Tubiflorae,Boraginineae,Echium.The flowers are blue,purple,white,and white,Beijing and Nanjing and other places are often cultivated for ornamental,and Echium vulgare flower production is amazing,Echium vulgare oil components can be used as the raw materials for medical and cosmetic industries.The purpose of this study is to provide theoretical basis for producing high yield and high quality organic Echium vulgare.The experiment was carried out in the experimental field of Jilin Agricultural University in May2016.A new year's new Echium vulgare seeds were selected,and the same amount of decayed chicken manure,pig manure,straw organic fertilizer and no fertilizer were used as control(CK).The plot was repeated 3 times in 3 districts.The effects of different organic fertilizers on growth characteristics,photosynthetic physiological characteristics,yield and quality of Echium vulgare were studied.The main results are as follows:1.In terms of growth traits,the height of Echium vulgare treated with organic fertilizer was higher than that of control.The highest was pig manure,the highest growth rate in 27~39days was 68.5%,and the height of 17.4 cm in thirty-ninth days was 16.32%,5.3%and 17.91%higher than that of chicken manure,straw and CK,and the flowering period and flower amount of the Echium vulgare treated with chicken manure were significantly different from those of other treatments,and in fifty-fifth days,the flowers were flowering and 2~3 days earlier than those of other treatments.The average flower per plant was 2~3 higher than that of other treatments.2.Photosynthetic characteristics of Echium vulgare are mainly reflected in Pn,Ci,Gs and Tr.The Pn of organic manure was higher than that of CK,the most obvious was chicken manure,which reached the first peak at 10:00 is 22.06?mol/(m~2·s),at 10:00 and reached second peaks at 14:00 is 19.89?mol/(m~2·s),higher than CK was 0.96?mol/(m~2·s)and 1.12?mol/(m~2·s);The maximum Ci was 165?mol/mol of CK,higher than chicken manure,pig manure and straw were 10?mol/mol,5?mol/mol and 7?mol/mol respectively;the Gs of organic manure treatment was higher than CK,the largest was chicken manure,and reached the maximum value of 0.4mmol/(m~2·s)at 12:00,which was higher than pig manure,straw and CK,respectively were 0.04mmol/(m~2·s)?0.02mmol/(m~2·s)and 0.05mmol/(m~2·s);The highest Tr for chicken manure treatment,at 12:00 to reach the maximum value of 3.5mmol/(m~2·s),higher than pig manure,straw and CK were 0.22mmol/(m~2·s),0.15mmol/(m~2·s)?0.20mmol/(m~2·s)3.The Echium vulgare malondialdehyde content of organic manure was lower than that of CK treatment,but there is no significant difference.The content of malondialdehyde(MDA)in chicken manure,pig manure,straw and CK were 0.01385?mol/g?0.01382?mol/g?01374?mol/g?0.01398?mol/g,respectively,and the difference was only0.00016~0.00024?mol/g.The content of chlorophyll in chicken manure was the highest,which was 4.8mg/g,5.8mg/g and 5.5mg/g in seedling,flowering and mature period,respectively were 0.4 mg/g,1.1 mg/g and 0.5 mg/g higher than that of CK.4.The three kinds of organic fertilizer had a significant effect on the yield and quality of Echium vulgare.The yield of single plant and the number of grain per plant with pig manure were the highest,and the average reached 5986g and 1533 seed.Compared with CK,the yield was 9.9%and 10.66%respectively.The 1000 grain weight of applying straw was highest,the average reached 4.1176g,and was 0.4106g higher than that of CK;the crude fat of the straw treated Echium vulgare contained the crude fat.The average amount was 0.2450%,and was0.0246%higher than that of CK.The soluble sugar content of the Echium vulgare treated with chicken manure was higher in seedling stage,flowering stage and mature stage than that of other treatments.The maximum value was 0.9%in the mature period,and were 0.08%,0.07%and 0.09%higher than that of pig manure,straw and CK respectively.5.Correlation analysis of three kinds of organic fertilizer on the index of Echium vulgare:The height of Echium vulgare treated with chicken manure was significantly negatively correlated with malondialdehyde(P<0.05),and positively correlated with crude fat(P<0.05).There was a significant negative correlation between single plant yield and flower volume(P<0.05),and there was a significant positive correlation between crude fat and soluble sugar(P<0.05);the height of the Echium vulgare treated by pig manure was significantly positively correlated with the crude fat(P<0.05).Malondialdehyde was positively correlated with yield per plant(P<0.05),Significant negative correlation with flower volume(P<0.05);and the height of Echium vulgare in stem treatment was positively correlated with soluble sugar content(P<0.05),and the yield of single plant and malondialdehyde content was positively correlated(P<0.05).