Preliminary Studies In Echium Vulgare High-yield Cultivation Techniques

Echium vulgare, Boraginaceae Echium, which grow in the Mediterranean Sea and europe, is a one year grown herb plant and a superior flowering plant. There are large numbers of omega3 fatty acids in seeds of Echium vulgare which can promote cell regeneration and take a role of inflammation in the exchange between cells. Records in "Foreign medicine-Medicinal Plants Volume" showed that Echium vulgare flower extracts has some advantage effects on removing anxiety. The attention to Echium vulgare was paid only recently in high economic and ornamental value. Echium vulgare introduced from abroad was planted some places in China, but relatively Echium vulgare yield and quality is not high because of short planting time and unscientific cultivation system. Although tissue culture and rapid propagation research in Echium vulgare were progress, but research on Echium vulgare cultivation measures is in blank because field production mainly rely on Echium vulgare seed multiplication. And also the current domestic research institutions and individuals are meanly on rape, maize, rice, wheat and other field crop cultivation methods, so research on Echium vulgare cultivation measures is particularly urgent. Therefore, different environmental factors and cultural measures on the impact of cultivation of Echium vulgare were analyzed in this study to find the best cultivation practices for providing a theoretical basis in enlarging planting area of Echium vulgare. The tests were finished at Jilin Agricultural University 2009～2010, and Echium vulgare seeds were provided by Changchun Jinyuan company. Effects from the characters, physiological and biochemical aspects and yield analysis system for the production of different treatments to Echium vulgare yield were analyzed through the laboratory germination test, the germination of Echium vulgare laboratory experiments, the greenhouse study and the field cultivation carried out on the different densities, fertilizer, pH, light and other treatment. The results are as follows:The results of laboratory Germination test were as follow:15℃constant temperature, light of 8h were the best conditions for Echium vulgare to grow from the germination of different temperature indicators. pH 6.5 and light of 8h were the best conditions for Echium vulgare to grow from different pH treatment indicators. So we can gave the results that a temperature of 15℃and pH 6.5 in the acidic conditionsare more suitable for Echium vulgare germination. It is suggested that the use of the blue thistle seedlings.The conditions for good germination was suggested in Echium vulgare planting.The results in the greenhouse were as follow:the adaptable condition for Echium vulgare to grow was in alkaline conditions (ph6.0-7.0) with adequate water and light, under which the growth rate, leaf length and width were outstanding, the yield and quality performing well. Plant growth and yield is relatively low in the slightly alkaline conditions (7.0-8.0), but in which seed quality is high. The impact of light to growth of the plant compared to other factors was more important which is not only affected growth rate but also affected yield and quality of the plant.The results in the field cultivation were as follow:Effects to weight of earth part and root of Echium vulgare were different with various cultivation steps. Overtopping the plant density of 15-20 cm was good for advance of total biological weight of Echium vulgare and nitrogen fertilizers is conducive to the growth of earth part of the plant. The apparent photosynthesis curve was different in various density processes showed that density can enffect apparent photosynthetic rate and other photosynthetic features. Photosynthesis curve are a double peak curve under the condition of density 5cm,25 cm, nitrogen fertilizers and potassium fat. The average of max apparent photosynthesis rate was 21.32μmol (CO2)/(m2·s) under the condition of 15cm density process. The content of chlorophyll was gradually bigger with diminution of density in same period of duration, but the content of chlorophyll was not changed while density of plant was 15-20cm. The density effect to the content of chlorophyll was not obvious in different period of duration. The sequence of chlorophyll content was first in flower season and maturation period, then in seeding stage, and last in harvest time. The change regularity of soluble carbohydrate content were same between cultivation density and manorial process which was advance first and descent last. The soluble carbohydrate content of Echium vulgare leaf was large under the condition of density 15cm-20cm and nitrogenous fertilizers and in which eventually yield of nitrogenous fertilizers would reach a new level. Nitrogenous fertilizers in various fertilizers played a promoting role in promoting height of Echium vulgare.Potasium fertilizers played an advantage role in various indicators, such as plant height, branch number, branch angle, grain weight per thousand seeds, grains per plant, and the promotion was more obvious in grains per plant. Phosphorus fertilizers have a positive impact on grain weight and fat content. Nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium are all have a major impact on the production of Echium vulgare with various effect size, and direction and the reasons. More nitrogen and potassium were needed in the physiological growth phase of Echium vulgare Moderate amount of phosphate fertilizer and adaptable mixing nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer can improve yield and quality of Echium vulgare The Echium vulgare yield and other indicators increased with density decreasing (the increase of cultivation interval), but it was stable while density attending to a certain number. The total number of plants and yield would decrease with density decreasing. Therefore, the density of plants should be reasonable controlled. Planting interval 20cm, which can achieve better yield and quality was proposed.