| China is just at the high speed development of the dairy industry,the cow amount of livestock rate of increment is 9.03% in the past ten years.In 2006,the cow total number has already achieved 13.4 million.And the milk's total output also increased with the increment of the dairy number,in 2006,the milk's total output increased to 36.02 million tons,the milk's output in Jilin province increased to 530 thousand tons,accounting for 1.47% of the national milk's output.But some cow farms have the phenomenon of high death rate of cows,the low breeding rate of cows and the low survival rate of calves,this phenomenon affected the development of China's dairy industry.The feed formula and disease control of dairy cows are important factors influencing the health of dairy cows,how to formulate feeds scientifically and improve the feed intake,weight,and milk's output of dairy cows to increase the economic efficiency of farming is one of the major issues we should face.Bovine mastitis is the most important disease in the world that threatens the dairy industry,and it is also one of the most important economic losses in the world.Bovine mastitis is the most common phenomenon of dairy cows' death.The incidence rate is 30%.Mastitis of dairy cows can cause milk's output decreased and the economic is suffering a great loss.More importantly,the pathogenic bacteria are zoonoses and have made a great destruction to the nature.How to prevent the bovine mastitis and to increase the efficiency of dairy farming has become the major issue for us.1:Study on Nutritional Requirements of Dairy Cows at Different Stages in Jilin Province32 healthy cows are selected in this experiment with similar milk production and calving date.They are classified according to the different lactation periods: 8 in lactation stage,8 in late lactation,8 in dried milk period.They are paired up for experiment.Each lactation stage is divided into four pairs of cows,two of which are listed as the control group,and the other two are the experimental group,with each group of four cows.The feeding management of the cows in the experiment-tal group is raised in a loose enclosure.The feeding method is as follows: first the coarse material,then the fine material,free water.Daily data collection was conducted to record the intake and milk yield of the experimental group.The experimental group was compared with the control group by adjusting the formula of cow feed in the experimental group.Food intake,daily weight gain an-d milk production are all improved.Through the experimental data,the conclusion is drawn: Dairy cows in the stage of lactation should regulate the negative balance of nutrient supply and dema-nd in order to ensure the health of the rumen.At this stage the cow milk production is bigger,need to be added in the feed concentrate of high protein,high-energy,until the material does not increase when the milk,then feed slowly reduce gradually,is advantageous to the cow postpartum recovery.The dairy cows in the later stage of lactation and dry milk should restore the condition of the dairy cow and be satisfied with the nutritional needs.In the case of a wasting cow,it is necessary to strengthen the feed nutrition to regain lost weight.For the weight gain,the cow should adjust the feed and prevent the body condition from being too fat to cause disease.2: isolation and identification of pathogenic bacteria of dairy cow mastitis in Jilin province and analysis of drug resistance.To understand the infection situation of dairy cow mastitis in Jilin province,this experiment takes 3000 milk samples,which are from 15 large dairy farms in Baishan,Yitong,Songyuan,Yanji,Qianguo,Changchun etc.Test results show: Among the 3,000 samples collected,249 pathogenic bacteria were isolated,among them,103 strains of gram-positive bacteria accounted for 41.37% of the total strain and 146 strains of gram-negative bacteria,accounting for 58.63% of the total strain.The main pathogenic bacteria of dairy cow mastitis in jilin province are escherichia coli,klebsiella,lactobacillus streptococcus and staphylococcus aureus,etc.Among the 249 pathogens detected,60 strains of escherichia coli accounted for 24.10% of the total pathogenic bacteria.Klebsiella 39 strains accounted for 15.66% of the total pathogenic bacteria.There were 22 strains of streptococcus,which accounted for 8.84% of the total pathogenic bacteria.The 14 strains of staphylococcus aureus accounted for 5.62% of the total pathogenic bacteria,14 strains of streptococci,5.62% of the total pathogenic bacteria,17 strains of streptococcus,and 6.83% of the total pathogenic bacteria.E.coli is highly sensitive to cephalosporin west ding,sensitive rate is 98%,is very sensitive to gentamycin,nalidixic acid,sensitive rate were 66% and 46.67% respectively,but to cephalosporin thiamethoxam injunctions,amoxicillin and ampicillin drug has strong resistance;Klebsiella is highly sensitive to gentamicin and ciprofloxacin,with a sensitivity rate of 81.5% and 81.48% respectively,but it has strong resistance to ampicillin.Lactobacillus streptococcus is only sensitive to gentamicin,with a sensitivity rate of 45.45%,but it has strong resistance to kanamycin,tetracycline and penicillin.Staphylococcus aureus was resistant to the ten drugs tested and was only sensitive to vancomycin.Therefore,cefosiding,gentamicin,ciprofloxacin,naphthenic acid and vancomycin can be the first choice of treatment for dairy cow mastitis in Jilin province.To sum up,through the induction and summary of the results of this experiment,the current situation of breeding management of dairy cattle farms in Jilin province,the results of the study on the nutritional requirements of lactating cows,the treatment of the clinical dairy cow mastitis and dairy cow breeding management standard are provided,which can provide reference for improvin-g the economic benefit of dairy cows in Jilin province. |
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