Study On The Development Models Of Urbanization In Pastoral Areas Of Xilingol League

Xilingol League Pastoral Area is located in the north of the motherland.It is an important gateway to open to the north and an important ecological security barrier in the north of China.The urbanization of pastoral areas in Xilingol League should not only become an important channel for transferring surplus labor in pastoral areas and realizing economic agglomeration,but also an effective mean for protecting fragile grassland ecological environment and promoting national harmony and common development.The pastoral area of Xilingol League has the characteristics of cultural diversity,ecological diversity and resource diversity in human and natural geography.The urbanization development mode of Xilingol League pastoral area in the special natural,human geographical characteristics,the special internal and external environment are different from the traditional agricultural area.Xilingol League pastoral area should adopt the distinguishing urbanization modes with its own characteristics.As a frontier portal,ecological fragile and multi-national area,the urbanization model of Xilingol League pastoral area should take economic development,ecological security and social integration as its fundamental goal.Under this goal,it is of great significance to explore the achievable models of urbanization in Xilingol League pastoral area.Therefore,this paper takes it as the starting point of the study,using qualitative and quantitative methods,field questionnaires and logical reasoning,to study the development model of urbanization in the pastoral areas of Xilingol League from the following main aspects:(1)the basis and characteristics of urbanization development in the pastoral areas of Xilingol League: the conditions and characteristics of urbanization in pastoral areas of Xilingol League were introduced and analyzed.(2)The driving factors and limiting factors of urbanization in pastoral areas of Xilingol League: the main influencing factors of urbanization in pastoralareas of Xilingol League were analyzed.(3)Evaluation of economic,ecological and social effects of urbanization in pastoral areas of Xilingol League.: the problems of urbanization in pastoral areas of Xilingol League in the past were analyzed.(4)The development model of urbanization in pastoral areas of Xilingol League.Combining with the previous analysis,this paper put forward several urbanization development models of different regions in Xilingol League pastoral area.The main conclusions are as follows:(1)The urbanization model of pastoral areas in Xilingol League is the result of the interaction of urbanization driving force and the particularity of pastoral areas themselves.On the whole,government regulation and subject behavior are the main driving force of urbanization in Xilingol League pastoral areas.At the same time,the capital-intensive heavy industry and resource-intensive industry in Xilingol Pastoral Area will promote its urbanization to a certain extent.However,due to the inherent mechanism of "capital excluding labor",the ability of industrial departments in pastoral areas to absorb labor force is seriously inadequate,which does not provide the necessary employment conditions for the urbanization of pastoral areas.This leads to the weak absorptive capacity of the working population in cities and towns,and is not conducive to the healthy and sustainable development of grassland and pastoral areas in Xilingol League.In addition,there are some problems in the pastoral towns of Xilingol League,such as insufficient capacity of selfdevelopment and insufficient absorption of surplus labor by industrial development.Owing to the disadvantage of the pastoral area of Xilingol League,the important ecological function of grassland resources,the low population density,the low stock of population capital,the uncoordinated development of urbanization and industrialization,and the weak ability of secondary and tertiary industries to absorb employment,these factors restrict the development of urbanization and the choice of urbanization development modes in the pastoral area of Xilingol League.(2)The benefits of investment in pastoral areas of Xilingol League to economic growth have declined significantly.The role of urbanization in economic growth has gradually increased,but the overall driving capacity is not strong.What's more,the driving capacity of urbanization in different regions is obviously different.The upgrading of industrial structure in pastoral areas of Xilingol League is obviously insufficient to promote economic growth.It needs time that urbanization can effectively promote economic growth through upgrading of industrial structure.The optimizing and upgrading of industrial structure has become a bottleneck problem in the process of urbanization.(3)Relying on abundant mineral resources,the extensive path followed by the pastoral areas of Xilingol League in the process of urbanization has destroyed fragile ecological environment.The relationship between urbanization and ecological environment in Xilingol League is still in a low level of coordinated development.The traditional mode of urban development has not been completely changed.Urbanization has a greater impact on the ecological environment.At the same time,the comprehensive evaluation index of urbanization and ecological environment has been in a barely sustainable stage.This shows that urbanization at the expense of ecological environment in the past has accumulated serious environmental problems for Xilingol League.(4)In the process of urbanization,the integration of herdsmen and the acceptance process of the government have not been effectively linked up.At the level of herdsmen integration,most of the urban herdsmen have to engage in low-skilled occupation,low income and lack of social security,which makes it difficult for them to integrate into urban life economically.Psychologically,Most of the herdsmen who migrate to cities and towns are confused about their identity and population.They do not think they are citizens because they move to cities and towns,and most people think they will return to pastoral areas in the future.(5)The urbanization mode of Xilingol League pastoral area should serve different functions of urbanization.From the perspective of economic development,the urbanization mode of Xilingol League pastoral area mainly includes small towns of border trade port type,small towns of desert grassland area in the west,small towns driven by tourism,small towns of farming and animal husbandry industry in the south,and typical grassland area in the east.From the point of view of ecological security,there are mainly Central agglomeration towns and restricted development towns.The central agglomeration towns are mainly Xilinhot City,a typical desert steppe transitional area in the central region.The restricted development towns are guided by the National Main Function Zoning and the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Main Function Zoning.From the perspective of promoting herdsmen's social integration,there are mainly comprehensive service-oriented cities and towns,with the county central town areas of each county as the first choice.