Effects Of Different Tillage Methods On Soil Fertility Properties In Jilin Corn Belt

Jilin Province is an important major maize production area and commodity grain base in China.However,due to long-term unreasonable farming,the content of soil organic matter is reduced,the tillage layer is shallow,the plough bottom layer is thickened,and the damage to the soil structure is intensified,and the resistance to stress deteriorates.Affects corn yield and quality.In this study,the black soil in the central agricultural area of Jilin Province was taken as the research object.Through comparative studies on different tillage and planting patterns,we sought to improve soil water conservation and fertilizer retention performance,increase soil moisture content,reduce surface runoff,and promote high and stable yields of maize,which is suitable for northern dry farming.The sustainable farming methods in the agricultural areas provide agronomic support for the construction of reasonable tillage layers and the realization of the full mechanized production mode of high yield corn.The main results are as follows:1.Plowing combined with straw returning can effectively reduce the soil bulk density of the the plough bottom layer,reduce the soil bulk density,increase the soil porosity,and improve the soil structure.An interannual comparison shows that the successive years of ploughing have a slightly greater effect on the reduction of soil bulk density than a one-year ploughing,and that the next year's ploughing will increase the soil bulk density of the plough bottom.2.Plowing combined with straw returning can increase the soil moisture content in 0-40 cm soil layer,40-80 cm soil layer,and the soil moisture content in the tillage stage is higher than that of farmers.3.Plowing combined with straw returning can significantly reduce the amount of plough layer >1mm agglomerates.Plowing year after year will reduce the impact on >1mm aggregates and increase the number of 0.25-0.5mm agglomerates.The ploughing process carried out every other year,in the year of ploughing,can significantly reduce the number of plowing layer >1 mm aggregates and increase the number of agglomerates of 0.5-1 mm;in the second year of traditional farming,the plough bottom layer,there will be a slight increase in aggregates of 1 mm and <0.25 mm,and a larger decrease in 0.5-1 mm aggregates.4.Plowing combined with straw returning to farmland shows that organic matter and available nutrients vary in different years.In the first year,the effect on organic matter was not obvious,and it even led to a slight decrease in organic matter content.In the second year,the soil organic matter content was effectively increased.Alkaline hydrolysis of nitrogen showed a downward trend,while the available potassium and available phosphorus content increased significantly,which may be related to crop absorption and straw return.5.Plowing and straw returning to the field will help improve the soil's water retention and fertility performance,and improve the water supply and fertilizer performance of the soil,so that the soil has better ventilation and water permeability,providing a good growth environment for the growth and development of corn,improve The corn traits such as stem diameter,plant height,dry matter weight,number of spikelets,100-grain weight and other maize traits increased the yield of corn.In summary,in the 2016 and 2017 consecutive trials,combining tillage with straw returning significantly improved soil structure,enhanced soil water retention and fertility,soil permeability,and resistance to adverse environmental conditions.Maize yield has created a good plough structure for the high yield of corn.