| Subsoiling is one of the important techniques of conservation tillage.Subsoiling technology can break the hard plough bottom,increase soil permeability,improve the ability of soil moisture conservation,reduce wind erosion and water erosion,improve the quality of cultivated land,and promote crop production.Due to the traditional tillage methods,the soil in Northeast China was seriously compacted and the soil moisture has been declining year by year.With the attention of the state of the environment and the need of farmers for a kind of deep-loosening machine,which is suitable for the black soil in Northeast China,the technology of returning straw to the field in full quantity is put forward,which effectively solves the problem of straw mixing and burying.The machine can complete many operations such as subsoiling,soil moisture consolidation and suppression at one time in the field,which changes the previous tillage methods of subsoiling and land preparation.In this paper,the finite element software is used to analyze the key parts such as the subsoiling shovel,and field tests are carried out to verify the effect of soil covering and the performance of the whole machine.The work and conclusions of this paper were as follows:1.According to the market demand analysis of black soil in Northeast China,a variety of schemes were compared,and finally the key components and the design scheme of the whole subsoiling and consolidation combined machine were determined.The type of subsoiling is inter-row subsoiling.The whole machine is mainly composed of subsoiling mechanism,moisture-mixing mechanism,four-bar mechanism and ground preparation mechanism.The arrangement of subsoiling shovel was 334.The spacing of shovel was 900 mm,and the longitudinal spacing of beam was 700 mm.2.With the help of SolidWorks,three-dimensional drawing software,a three-dimensional model was established,and the shape structure of the subsoiling shovel was changed.A composite subsoiling shovel with covering soil function was designed.The static analysis of the subsoiling shovel was carried out by ANSYS finite element software.The analysis results show that the middle end of the deep loosening shovel handle was the maximum deformation,the deformation was 0.04594 mm,and the total deformation of the shovel handle was not large,which had no effect on normal operation;the upper screw hole of the shovel handle bears the maximum principal stress,the stress value was 29 MPa,which was lower than the yield limit of 355 MPa of 45 steel,and the safety factor was 12.24.The design meets the technical requirements.3.The whole machine design of the combined deep loosening and soil preparation machine is carried out,and the design of the main frame,the deep loosening shovel,the moisture mixer,the crushing roller and other key components are elaborated in detail.Under the requirement of conservation tillage technology,the designed combined deep-loosening and soil preparation machine can complete the combined operation of deep-loosening,soil moisture consolidation and soil crushing in the stubble field after autumn corn harvest,which improved the porosity of soil and enhanced the content of organic matter.4.Completed the two-dimensional drawing design of the whole machine,assembled the prototype after factory processing,and carried out field performance test.The test results show that the average ground temperature increased by 8.83%-9.29%,the average soil water content increased by 18.2%and the soil bulk density decreased by 0.01-0.013 g/cm~3 in the 0-40 cm tillage layer,and the operation indexes of the machine meet the national technical requirements. |
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