| Pine needles and coconut bran have ideal physical structure and chemical properties,which can provide a better root environment for soilless cultivated crops while fixing them.Pine needles and coconut bran as plant residues are rich in natural polymer materials such as cellulose,lignin,and hemicellulose,but most of them cannot be directly absorbed by crops.The low nutrient content of the pine needle / coconut bran substrate is not conducive to the growth of crops,so there are technical problems in the application of resources that require continuous supplementation and deployment of various nutrients.Aiming at the above problems,this paper not only studied the effects of microbial inoculants and trace element fertilizers on improving the physical and chemical properties of pine needle / coconut bran matrix,but also used a single factor test to analyze the effects of adding microbial inoculants and trace element fertilizers on the physiological and biochemical indexes of Capsicum annuum L.and Spinacia oleracea L.at the seedling stage,and the optimized substrate with long-term slow-controlling fertilizer was applied to the soilless cultivation of pepper and spinach to explore the cultivation effect of the intelligent substrate with added components in practical applications.It can provide a certain technical reference for the application of new full nutrient pine needles / coconut bran cultivation substrate.The results showed that:?1?In the fermentation test of pine needle / coconut bran substrate with microbial inoculants and trace element fertilizers,the activities of urease,phosphatase and invertase showed a trend of increasing and then decreasing under each treatment.At the end of the test,the urease activitie of the treatment(1 g·kg-1 Ke Huangwei + 5 g·kg-1 Lvlong)and the phosphatase and invertase activities of treatments(1 g·kg-1 Ke Huangwei + 6 g·kg-1 Lvlong)were the highest,which were increased by 7.39%,35.97% and 47.18% compared with the control;the p H and EC of each treatment were affected by microbial and the soluble nutrients of substrate,with the trend of increasing first and then decreasing over time;the contents of total nitrogen,total potassium and total phosphorus showed an upward trend.Finally,the total nitrogen of the treatment(1 g·kg-1 Ke Huangwei + 5 g·kg-1 Lvlong)and the total phosphorus and potassium of the treatment(1 g·kg-1 Ke Huangwei + 6 g·kg-1 Lvlong)reached the highest values,which were increased by 56.19%,27.03% and 21.25% than the control.?2?In plug tray nursery trials,the addition of microbial agents and trace element fertilizers to the pine needle / coconut bran matrix can significantly promote crop growth.Pepper seedlings achieved the best results under treatments(4 g·kg-1 Lvlong and 2 g·kg-1 Ke Huangwei)with germination rates of 98.5% and 99.0%,respectively;seedling index and root-shoot ratio were 49.66%,44.30%,11.37%,and 10.87% higher than the control;the dry weights of the seedlings were 0.092 g·plant-1 and 0.082 g·plant-1,which were 46.03% and 30.16% higher than the control;comprehensive analysis of spinach seedlings achieved good results under treatments(5 g·kg-1 Lvlong and 1 g·kg-1 Ke Huangwei)with germination rates of 98.4% and 93.5%,respectively;compared with the control,the seedling index and root-shoot ratio were increased by 117.09%,57.61%,76.92%,and 41.35%;the dry weights of seedlings were 0.038 g·plant-1 and 0.034 g·plant-1,respectively,which were 72.73% and 54.55% higher than the control.?3?In the large-scale pot experiments,each treatment of the full nutrient substrate had different degrees of promotion in pepper and spinach cultivation,and treatment(1 g·kg-1Ke Huangwei + 10 g·kg-1Duoou slow control fertilizer + 6 g·kg-1Lvlong)was best and stable in both crops,and T2 treatment(1 g·kg-1 Ke Huangwei + 8 g·kg-1 Duoou + 5 g·kg-1 Lvlong)followed.The contents of chlorophyll a and Chlorophyll b of pepper leaves in the two treatments were increased by 90.54%,88.19%,79.13%,and 77.64% compared with the control,respectively;the yield per plant was as high as 1.44 kg and 1.22 kg,which was an increase of 114.93% and 82.09% compared with the control;the content of soluble protein,vitamin C and soluble sugar in pepper fruits was increased by 33.81%,135.59%,19.64%,and 27.73%,108.08%,8.93% compared with the control,while the nitrate content was reduced by 35.35% and 33.86% compared with the control.In spinach cultivation,the contents of chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b in spinach leaves were increased by 4.31,3.97,2.63 and 2.41 times respectively;the weights per plant were 21.55 g and 20.36 g,which were 250.98% and 231.60% more than the control;the contents of soluble protein and vitamin C were increased by 55.47%,152.49%,60.65% and 117.50% compared with the control,while the nitrate contents were reduced by 22.72% and 22.13% compared with the control.Different types of pine needles / coconut bran substrates with full-nutrient can provide the nutrients for the entire growing period of crops.As long as they are equipped with an automatic watering system to maintain a certain substrate humidity,you can achieve unmanned maintenance-free wisdom in cultivation.It has a great application prospects in the application of soilless cultivation such as urban greening,balcony and rooftops,etc. |
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