| In recent years,excessive application of chemical fertilizers has caused damage to the soil micro-ecological environment and non-point source pollution,and ultimately led to the reduction of the yield and quality of agricultural products.Bio-organic fertilizer plays an important role in improving soil properties and agricultural products quality,and exploring a reasonable substitution ratio is one of the first problems to be solved.In this study,the tomato,eggplant and pepper of pot experiments were conducted to study the effect of growth,yield,quality and soil properties when reduced chemical fertilizer combined with bioorganic fertilizer applocation,to provide theoretical basis for rational fertilization of vegetables in Yan'an.The results showed:(1)Using ‘Totem' tomato as material,five fertilization treatments were set up as no fertilizer(CK),conventional fertilizer(TK),reduction of fertilizer by 10%(F1),20%(F2),30%(F3)and combined the bio-organic fertilizer with the same amount as the reduction.The results showed that: during the whole growth and development of tomato,compared with no fertilization treatment,all fertilization treatments increased soil available nutrients and tomato yield.Conventional fertilization(TK)had no effect on the activity of soil enzyme,and significantly increased tomato leaf length,leaf width,plant height,stem diameter and SPAD value at seedling stage,and increased tomato soluble sugar contents by 2.14 times.Compared with conventional fertilization(TK),bio-organic fertilizer replacement treatment generally improved the activity of soil enzyme in flowering stage.In terms of tomato growth and quality,bio-organic fertilizer replacement treatment significantly increased stem diameter and SPAD value by 4.70%~19.40% and 19.30%~23.60% at mature stage,fruit soluble protein by 71%~213% and lycopene by 80.20%~88.70%.In terms of tomato yield,in bio-organic fertilizer replacement treatment,F2 and F3 treatments had no significant effect,and F1 treatment significantly reduced the yield by 3.28% compared with TK treatment.(2)Using ‘Fast Round Eggplant' as the material,seven fertilization treatments were set up as no fertilizer(CK),conventional fertilizer increment of 50%(F1),conventional fertilizer(F2),conventional fertilizer decrement of 50%(F3),conventional fertilizer decrement of 10%(F4),20%(F5),30%(F6)and combined the bio-organic fertilizer with the same amount as the reduction.The results showed that: during the whole growth and development of eggplant,compared with no fertilization treatment,all fertilization treatments increased soil available nutrients and eggplant yield.In general,the application of chemical fertilizer treatment significantly increased the activities of urease,sucrase,and increased stem diameter and plant height in each growth period.With the extension of growth period,leaf width,SPAD value,Vc,total phenol,flavonoids and nitrate contents in fruits all increased to different degrees.Compared with conventional chemical fertilizer(F2),bio-organic fertilizer replacement treatment increased the activities of soil urease and catalase by 7.85%~8.05% and 1.80%~4.72% in the end stage.In terms of eggplant growth and quality,bio-organic fertilizer replacement treatment significantly increased stem diameter,leaf width and SPAD value at the end stage,the soluble protein significantly increased by 81.90%~123%,and the nitrate content significantly decreased by 18.54%~35.63%.In terms of eggplant yield,bio-organic fertilizer replacement treatment had no effect compared with F2 treatment.(3)Using ‘Longjiao No.2' pepper as the material,seven fertilization treatments were set up as no fertilizer(CK),conventional fertilizer increment of 50%(F1),conventional fertilizer(F2),conventional fertilizer decrement of 50%(F3),conventional fertilizer decrement of 10%(F4),20%(F5),30%(F6)and combined the bio-organic fertilizer with the same amount as the reduction.The results showed that: compared with no fertilization treatment,in general,all fertilization treatments significantly increased the contents of available nitrogen,potassium and phosphorus in pepper soil.The application of chemical fertilizer significantly increased the activity of invertase by 13.33%~46.67% at seedling stage,increased leaf length,leaf width,plant height and SPAD value at flowering,maturity and end stage,and significantly increased soluble protein,soluble sugar,Vc and nitrate content.Compared with conventional chemical fertilizer(F2),in general,bio-organic fertilizer replacement treatment increased the activities of soil enzyme at flowering and end stage.In terms of pepper growth and quality,F4 and F5 treatments significantly increased the pepper leaf width,plant height and SPAD value at maturity and end stage;F5 and F6 treatments significantly increased the content of soluble protein and soluble sugar by 38.68%,24.84% and 21.23%,57.33%.In terms of pepper yield,F5 and F6 treatments had no significant effect compared with F2 treatment,and F4 treatment significantly reduced the yield by 6.7% compared with F2 treatment.Based on the scores of comprehensive principal component analysis,considered the effects of bio-organic fertilizer replacement on the growth and soil properties of tomato,eggplant and pepper,the reduction of chemical fertilizer by 20% and combined with the bio-organic fertilizer is the best,which can be used as the recommended fertilization strategies in actual production. |
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