Study On Forest Ecological Compensation Mechanism Of Chishui River Basin In Guizhou Province

Ecological compensation is an important approach and research hotspot to deal with environmental problems at home and abroad.In China,researches on ecological compensation mechanism started relatively late,but some achievements have been achieved in various fields in recent years,and also with many accompanied problems,such as insufficient transfer payment,narrow compensation scope and low compensation standard in the ecological compensation mechanism dominated by central government financial transfer payment.Therefore,the establishment of a cross-regional horizontal ecological compensation model is conducive to the improvement of a series of problems such as low compensation standards,the enhancement of the public's sense of participation and mission,and the improvement of ecological compensation mechanism.For the protection of water conservation forest,Guizhou has taken a series of forest protection measures,these measures have resulted in the loss of opportunities for the development of timber,agricultural and sideline products in the upper reaches of the basin,their own development rights are limited,the downstream often uses the ecological benefits of the upstream overflow free or low,which leads to an increase in the economic development gap between the upstream and downstream.According to the principle of paid use of resources,the downstream is obliged to pay compensation funds to purchase environmental services.This article took the Guizhou Chishui river basin as the background,combining watersheds and forests which refered to the relevant stakeholders in the upper and lower reaches of the watershed and their forest ecological benefits compensation,to construct a horizontal compensation model,proposing a new idea to broaden the sources of compensation funds,raising forest ecological compensation standards in the watershed,and strengthening the watershed environmental and economic links to stimulate the environmental protection enthusiasm of the inhabitant of the river basin.This paper respectively from the perspectives of"why compensate","who will compensate","how to compensate","source and direction of compensation funds"and"how to guarantee",by constructing a evolutionary game model of the upper and lower basin,accounting the directly input costs,loss of opportunity cost,forest ecological benefit value of forest ecological environment construction and the willness of residents in the study area,analyzing of different economic subject in the forest ecological benefit and social benefit compensation funds of the determination of the proportion of benefit allocation weights,introducing the Human Development Index(Human Development Index.HDI)constructed an inverted S-curve model to allocate compensation funds,and based on this,we constructed a basin forest ecological compensation mechanism framework in line with the current situation of China.The following conclusions can be drawn:(1)The watershed forest ecological compensation is a market transaction essentially,but this kind of market transaction cannot be carried out freely at present,a certain constraint and incentive mechanism is required.Ecological compensation has a transactional nature,whether central government fiscal transfer or payment from beneficiaryt,it is just another manifestation of purchasing environmental resources from protectors.The static game analysis in this paper shows that relying solely on the upstream and downstream regions to independently choose strategies cannot achieve the optimal strategy expected by the society.Therefore,a third-party constraint incentive mechanism is introduced to build a dynamic evolution game model,under appropriate incentive constraints,the upstream and downstream regions can form the best trading plan.(2)The watershed forest ecological compensation is led by government.Under this precondition,other social groups are also encouraged to participate in this activity.In current stage,China's economic development is not powerful enough and the public awareness of environmental protection is still weak,government as the main compensation role is essential in China's ecological compensation mechanism,but it is also necessary to the diversification of compensation subject,compensation fund sources and channels.(3)The current compensation is not enough,and the compensation should be increased with the development of social economy.Taking the Chishui river basin in Guizhou province as an example,the compensation of each social development stage is calculated.The compensation was 42.67 yuan/mu,183.32 yuan/mu,and 791.82yuan/mu,respectively,based on the three different stage standards mentioned above.This paper investigated the present stage in the study area residents'willingness as reference of present compensation standard,residents'willingness of upstream is 27.35 yuan/mu,residents'willingness of downstream is 31.69 yuan/mu,the current phase for residents'willingness to amount of compensation standard according to the reference value of 29.52 yuan/mu,calculation results were higher than the current standard.(4)It is necessary and feasible to allocate the forest ecological compensation funds in the basin,and part of the compensation funds can be allocated to resource users.In this paper,the importance of forest benefits sorting was analyzed by AHP method and different compensation subjects in the forest benefit was also analyzed by entropy value method to determine the proportion of forest ecological compensation fund allocation weights of different compensation subject in Guizhou chishui river basin.The result shows that the governments accounted for more than 31.37%,downstream enterprises and residents account for 28.71%,scenic spots 17.62%,tourists 16.52%,and upstream enterprises and residents 10.20%.Based on the investigation of downstream residents'acceptability to the ascending of basin water price,the results showed that 80.19%of residents who are willing to pay the compensation funds accept paying for the ecological environment by raising basin water price,which suggests it is feasible way to absorb the compensation money.According to the calculation formula,the highest increase of water price could be accepted by downstream residents was 0.18 yuan/m~3.(5)It is necessary to rationally allocate forest ecological compensation funds in the basin.Reckon without the differences in ecological construction costs and ecosystem benefits lead to the imbalance of compensation funds in different regions.The inverted S-shaped curve distribution of compensation funds according to the level of economic development is more in line with the purpose of"redistribution".The compensation intensity coefficients of Qixingguan District,Dafang County and Jinsha County in the upper reaches of the Chishui River Basin are calculated to be approximately 0.3169,0.3180,and 0.3150,respectively.(6)Based on the problems in the previous research and field research,suggestions are proposed as follows:(1)Improve the watershed forest ecological compensation"top-level design"and the special legislation of ecological compensation mechanism;(2)Construct the benefit mechanism of social capital participating in watershed forest ecological compensation to realize the sustainable development of ecological compensation mechanism;(3)Establish a sound and reasonable compensation standard system to alleviate the problem of low ecological compensation standard in China;(4)Improve the incentive mechanism of watershed forest ecological compensation to promote the efficient and orderly implementation of ecological compensation projects;(5)Improve ecological compensation methods.