| The natural conditions of Guizhou are complex,there are many types of soil,and there are great differences in soil nutrient status.It is an important basic work to determine the appropriate application amount of special fertilizer for J.sigillata on different soil types in different areas,which is an important basic work to improve the fruit yield and quality.In this study,‘Qianhe 7'was used as the test material,to investigate the effects of different fertilization types and different application rates of walnut special fertilizer on soil nutrients,nutrients,yield and quality of J.sigillata orchard,so as to screen out the suitable amount of walnut special fertilizer for walnut orchard on yellow brown soil in Northwest Guizhou Plateau Malnutrition,falling flowers and fruits and low fruit setting rate of walnut trees in the Northwest Mountainous Area of Guizhou Province.The main results are as follows:1.Walnut special fertilizer can improve soil fertility.The soil pH value,total nitrogen,total potassium,exchangeable magnesium,available iron,available manganese and available boron in walnut special fertilizer treatment were significantly higher than those in compound fertilizer treatment,and the contents of total phosphorus,alkali hydrolyzable nitrogen,available phosphorus,available potassium,exchangeable calcium,available copper and available zinc were increased;with the improvement of the application level of walnut special fertilizer,the soil nutrient content of J.sigillata orchard was increased.When the annual fertilization amount was 15.0 kg/plant-20.0kg/plant,the soil nutrient content was significantly higher than other treatments.The results showed that the annual fertilization rate of 15.0kg/plant had better effect and higher economic performance.The contents of soil organic matter,total nitrogen,total phosphorus,total potassium,alkali hydrolyzable nitrogen,available phosphorus and available potassium were 41.31%,30.69%,50.00%,20.55%,41.88%,65.59% and 38.02%,respectively,and exchangeable calcium,exchangeable magnesium,available iron,available manganese,available copper,available zinc and available boron were increased by 41.31%,30.69%,50.00%,20.55%,41.88%,65.59% and38.02%,respectively The contents of other medium and trace elements increased by 46.63%,47.33%,62.40%,48.25%,55.56%,62.65 and 60.34% respectively.2.Walnut special fertilizer can promote the growth of J.sigillata,enhance the photosynthetic capacity of leaves,and improve the nutrient content of trees.Under the total amount of N,P,K application,the branch number,tree growth,Mg,Fe,B contents of J.sigillata leaves were significantly better than those of compound fertilizer treatment,photosynthetic pigment content,P,CA,Mn,Cu content in leaves were increased;with the increase of fertilization level of walnut special fertilizer,the growth indexes of J.sigillata were significantly improved,and the leaf photosynthetic color was also improved The content of mineral elements in leaves increased with the increase of element content.Compared with the treatment without fertilization,the number of new shoots of 15.0kg/plant increased by 64.80%,the length and diameter of vegetative branches,the length and diameter of fruiting branches increased by 31.60%,14.35%,37.62% and 26.74% respectively;the chlorophyll content in leaves of J.sigillata increased by21.69% compared with that of no fertilization treatment;the contents of nitrogen,phosphorus,potassium,calcium,magnesium and other large and medium elements in J.sigillata leaves were10.29% higher than those in no fertilization treatment The contents of Fe,Mn,Cu,Zn,and B increased by 23.84%,39.68%,32.78%,38.94% and 32.12%,respectively,compared with the treatment without fertilization.3.The special fertilizer for walnut can promote the flower formation of J.sigillata,and has a certain regulation effect on the male to female ratio of flower bud,and can significantly improve the ability and level of early fruit of J.sigillata.Under the same N,P and K application amount,the number of flowers and fruit yield of J.sigillata treated with special fertilizer was significantly better than that of compound fertilizer treatment;with the increase of fertilizer amount of walnut special fertilizer,the number of female flower bud and male flower bud increased,the ratio of male and female increased,the content of nitrogen element in leaves increased,the content of carbon element and C / N decreased,and the yield increased.The number of flower buds and fruit yield of 15.0kg/plant-20.0kg/plant was higher than that of other fertilization levels.The results showed that the annual fertilization rate of 15.0kg/plant had higher yield and better economic performance,the number of flower buds increased by 70.77%,the number of fruit set,the yield of fresh fruit per plant and the yield of dry fruit per plant increased by 98.95%,99.16% and 99.16%respectively compared with the treatment without fertilization.4.Walnut special fertilizer can significantly improve the fruit quality of iron walnut.The content of P,K,Mg,Fe,B in walnut kernel of special fertilizer treatment was significantly higher than that of compound fertilizer treatment under the same N,P and K application amount,and the contents of fat,total phenolics,total flavonoids,total sugar,reducing sugar and other internal fruit quality indexes were improved compared with the compound fertilizer treatment;the fruit quality was improved with the increase of fertilizer application amount,compared with the no fertilization treatment,the annual fertilization amount of special fertilizer was 15.0kg/plant The results showed that the contents of fat and protein were 8.19% and 12.56%,total phenolics and flavonoids were23.86% and 24.29%,total sugar and reducing sugar were 35.48% and 57.62%,respectively.However,the fruit shape index,shell thickness,green skin rate and kernel percentage,and sensory quality of the fruit were not obvious.To sum up,compared with no fertilizer and compound fertilizer,walnut special fertilizer can significantly improve the nutrient level of J.sigillata,improve the yield and quality of J.sigillata fruit,and obtain higher economic benefits and environmental protection benefits.The annual application amount of walnut special fertilizer is 15.0kg/plant,which has the best effect on promoting the growth of J.sigillata and improving the yield and quality of fruit.It has high economic performance,and can solve the problems of malnutrition,falling flowers and fruits,low fruit setting rate of walnut trees in the mountainous area of Northwest Guizhou.It is recommended to be the suitable application amount of special fertilizer for walnut garden on the yellow brown soil in the mountainous area of Northwest Guizhou. |
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