Study On Forming Technology Of Densely Planted Pear Trees

Dwarfing and dense planting,labor-saving and efficient cultivation are the development trend of pear industry.In order to solve the problems of few branches,large growth,unbalanced growth potential of main branches,late fruit and low early yield in dense planting pear,the forming technology of slender spindle shape of dense planting pear in southern Hebei province was studied by using pear varieties such as "Xinli 7" as test materials.Based on a series of experimental investigations,such as the selection of pear seedlings,the sprouting of the trunk of annual pear trees,the opening of new shoots,pressing the crown with fruit and the renewal of main branches,the forming technology of cost-saving,high-efficiency and high-quality pear was integrated.The main studies are as follows:1.compared with semi-finished seedlings and grafted seedlings,the survival rate of strong finished seedlings is higher and the appearance of the garden is neat than that of semi-finished seedlings and grafted seedlings.The survival rate of finished seedlings was1.6% and 9.97% higher than that of semi-finished seedlings and grafted seedlings.The coefficient of variation of finished seedlings was 44.0% and 32.8% lower than that of semi-finished seedlings and grafted seedlings.2.Determine the fixed dry height of the finished pear tree.The trunk growth of Xinli No.7 fixed trunk 50 cm was 14.3% and 21.6% higher than that of 70 cm and 80 cm respectively.3.Train strong leaders.By setting the stem to promote the strong central leader stem,the growth of stem cycle was significantly increased by sprouting and bagging seedlings in the budding stage.4.Sprouting promotes branching,opening angle controls the growth of new plants,and spraying Daizhuangsu promotes the formation of new flowers.The germination rate of engraved buds was 11.24% higher than that of uncarved buds;in May,the opening angles of new buds were 80 °and 120 °,and the length of new buds was 24.6% and 28.9% shorter than that of the control,respectively.In mid-May,at the beginning of June and at the end of June,the new length was 24.6% shorter than that of the control,12.6% and 4.7% shorter than that of the control,respectively.Spraying Daizhuangsu significantly promoted flowering,and the flowering rate was 11.3% higher than that of the control.5.The crown is controlled by fruit pressing and summer pruning.The more the fruit number is,the shorter the shoot length is and the smaller the crown is.The new length of pear trees with more fruit number is 26.6% shorter than that of pear trees with less fruit number,and the new length of pear trees pruned in summer is 31% shorter than that of unpruned pear trees.6.Main branch renewal technology.The main branches of pear trees were renewed according to the slender spindle structure.After the full fruiting period,six branches exceeding the first week of the trunk were selected on the central leadership trunk every year,and the reserve branches were cultivated at the back,leaving more fruit in front of the main branches,regardless of continuous fruit.when pruning in winter,they retracted to the reserve branches and maintained uniaxial extension,which could significantly slow down the thickening of pear trunk and significantly reduce the crown.The growth of dry cycle is significantly lower than that of conventional pruning by 34.9%,and the new length is significantly lower than that of 33.98% by conventional pruning.Complete the shaping of densely planted pear trees.