Study On The Coupling Relationship Between Development Of Alpine Animal Husbandry And Restoration Of Sandy Grassland In Northwest Sichuan

Located in the upper reaches of the Yangtze river and the Yellow River,the northwest plateau of Sichuan province is rich in natural grassland resources and is one of the five pastoral areas in China.Alpine animal husbandry is an important pillar industry in the plateau,and more than 80% of the population engaged in animal husbandry production.Since the last century,the alpine grassland in the northwest of Sichuan has been desertification to different degrees,which threatens the ecological security of the source area of the Yangtze river and the Yellow River and affects the sustainable development of animal husbandry.Since the implementation of a series of ecological management projects such as "returning grazing land to grassland" in 2003,the desertification of alpine grassland in northwest Sichuan has gradually recovered.In this context,this paper selected Zoige County in the northwest Sichuan as the study area,and used the system coupling coordination theory to quantitatively study the coupling relationship between restoration of sandy grassland and the development of animal husbandry.We analyzed the interaction between animal husbandry and grassland environment,and provided theoretical supports for the management of alpine animal husbandry and desertification control policies in northwestern Sichuan.We hope that this research can help increase the income of alpine animal husbandry and promote the sustainable development of alpine animal husbandry.The main research methods and conclusions were as follows:(1)Based on the remote sensing data,we constructed alpine grassland desertification index(AGDI)and sandy grassland recovery index to quantitatively evaluate the restoration grassland desertification of Zoige: From 2003 to 2018,the area of desertification grassland in Zoige decreased.The area of non-desertificationgrassland increased.The area of severe desertification grassland decreased from 148.3km2 in 2003 to 129.17km2 in 2018;the area of moderate desertification grassland changed from 454.22km2 to 313.82km2;the area of light desertification grassland decreased from 3349.15km2 to 1345km2;The area of non-desertification grassland decreased from 2249.16km2 in 2003 increased to 5118.46km2.The grassland desertification in Zoige was unevenly distributed.The severe desertification grassland was mainly distributed in the north,southeast,and sporadically in the middle.With severe desertification grassland as the center,the extensions will occur in order to transition from moderate desertification to light desertification.In addition,moderate desertification and light desertification were distributed in flakes in the northeast.From2003 to 2018,the grassland desertification recovery index showed a rising trend.(2)We used the entropy method to construct an evaluation system for animal husbandry development,and used the animal husbandry development index to quantitatively evaluate the development level of Zoige animal husbandry:From 2003 to 2019,the animal husbandry development index rose from 0.0237 to0.6375,from a very low-level development stage to a high-level development stage,with large fluctuations.From 2003 to 2006,the animal husbandry development index was less than 0.2,which was at a very low level of development.At this stage,the gross value of animal husbandry production and the productivity of animal products were low.From 2007 to 2013,the animal husbandry evaluation index rose rapidly from0.3142 to 0.7742,with an average annual growth rate of 5.8%.From low-level development to high-level development,the gross value of animal husbandry and the farmers' income have steadily increased.Meanwhile,the turnover rate of livestock products has gradually increased.In 2014,the animal husbandry development index dropped to 0.344,falling into a low-level development stage.The main reason is that in order to protect the grassland ecological environment,Zoige reduced the overload rate of livestock,which led to the reduction of the livestock and the rate of domestic animals for sale.From 2015 to 2019,the animal husbandry development index fluctuated from0.4188 to 0.6375,with an average annual growth rate of 2.66%,and was finally in a high-level development stage.(3)The coupling model and system coupling model theory were introduced,and the lag effect of ecological effects on economic development was considered.We analyzed the coupling relationship between animal husbandry development andrestoration of sandy grassland: In the past 16 years,the animal husbandry development-desertification grassland recovery system coupling degree between 0.2 to 0.5,from2004 in low coupling development for 2019 antagonism stage.It indicated that there is a coupling relationship between the development of animal husbandry and the restoration of desertification grassland,and the mutual influence of the system has been gradually strengthened.In 2004-2019,the animal husbandry development-desertification grassland recovery system's coupling coordination degree increased from 0.2940 to0.6701.The relationship between development of animal husbandry and sandy grassland restoration has progressed from moderate imbalance to primary coordination.At the beginning,the development level of animal husbandry was too low to fully utilize the advantages of grassland resources,which was manifested as an imbalanced relationship.With the improvement of animal husbandry development,sandy grassland recovery was good,and the relationship between development of animal husbandry and sandy grassland restoration have developed into a positive coupling relationship.