| In the process of very early-ripening grape breeding,we discovered a bud sport on ‘Sanbenti' and named it as ‘11-06-25',which ripens in the middle of June under the condition of forcing culture in Zhejiang Province.The maturity time of ‘11-06-25' is about 10 days in advance compared to ‘Sanbenti',and approximates that of ‘Zaoxia Wuhe'(a grape variety derived from an early-ripening bud sport on ‘Summer Black').However,‘11-06-25' is superior to ‘Zaoxia Wuhe' in the aspect of fruit quality.Therefore,‘11-06-25' is worth popularizing because of its high economic and social value.In this study,‘11-06-25',‘Zaoxia Wuhe',‘Sanbenti',‘Summer Blacck' and a few reference varieties were used as materials to identify the genetic differences among ‘11-06-25'and other varieties and analyse their genetic relationship by SSR(Simple Sequence Repeat).The agronomic characters,the berry growth rules and the dynamic accumulation of quality traits of ‘11-06-25' and reference varieties were studied and compared as well.In addition,the effects of plant growth regulator treatments in different concentrations and collocations on fruit quality of ‘11-06-25' were also investigated.The main research results are as follows:1.35 pairs of SSR primers were used for PCR amplification.Based on the results,it could be established that ‘11-06-25' of which 2 loci had changed is a bud soprt variety of ‘Sanbenti'.The DNA band patterns of ‘11-06-25' and ‘Zaoxia Wuhe' varied in four loci(Vr ZAG15,Vr ZAG64,VMC4A1 and VMC9A2.1),suggesting that they are not identical grape lines.It was also comfirmed that ‘Sanbenti' has a close genetic relationship with ‘Summer Black' because of the high genetic similarity coefficient between them.2.‘11-06-25' had high disease resistance and similar morphological features with ‘Zaoxia Wuhe',‘Sanbenti' and ‘Summer Black',but showed stronger growth and bearing capability than ‘Zaoxia Wuhe' and ‘Summer Black'.The phenological period of ‘11-06-25' was almost the same with ‘Zaoxia Wuhe',and was about 10 days earlier than ‘Sanbenti' and ‘Summer Black' at fruit ripening.Furthermore,‘11-06-25' performed better in nearly all aspects of fruit quality than ‘Zaoxia Wuhe' and also had better color than ‘Summer Black' and better aroma than ‘Sanbenti' and ‘Summer Black'.3.The growth and development process of ‘11-06-25' grape berry lasts about 60 days,which could be divided into 3 stages: the first rapid growth stage,corehardening stage and the secong rapid growth stage.Among these stages,the corehardening stage occurs during 21-28 days after flowering,which lasts a very short time and is difficult to be observed.The second rapid growth stage begins at 28 days after flowering,accompanied with the coloring and softening of berry,the accumulation of sugar and the degradation of acid.Compared with ‘Sanbenti',‘11-06-25' has an earlier and shorter core-hardening period,what following is 7 days and 10 days in advance respectively at fruiting coloring and ripening.Although they have a consistent rule of berry growth and development,‘11-06-25' has better fruit quality than ‘Zaoxia Wuhe' due to a higher accumulation rate of sugar and anthocyanin in the skin all along.4.Treatment with GA3 and CPPU can significantly improve berry size,fruit cluster density of ‘11-06-25',and remarkably increase single berry mass,fruit hardness and especially the content of characteristic volatile aroma components in the berry.CPPU has an extremely positive effect on fruit expansion growth but may cause the decline of total soluble solids content and the delay of fruit coloring,and result in a worse fruit color as well.In sum,the suggested treatment in the production is 50 mg/L GA3(emulsifiable concentrate)at 5-6 days right after full bloom. |
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