Effect Of Chondroitin Sulfate Combined With Sodium Ferulate On Knee Osteoarthritis In Rabbits

Background and objectives Osteoarthritis(OA)is a complex disease that is commonly seen in orthopaedic arteries with the destruction of articular cartilage.It often occurs in the hip,knee,and hand facet joints,in which knee osteoarthritis(KOA)is the most common;the main clinical manifestations are joint pain,fluid accumulation,and activity limitation,which seriously affect the patient's actions and their quality of life,and cause great social and economic burdens on patients and their families.The pathogenesis of OA is not yet clear,generally considered to be involved in chronic inflammatory reactions mediated by a variety of factors,causing degradation and synthesis of normal coupled degradation of cartilage cells,extracellular matrix and subchondral bone,and eventually resulting in the development of osteoarthritis as OA Some studies have shown that trauma,old age,and obesity are all risk factors.In the United States,15% of residents suffer from related arthritis,of whom osteoarthritis accounts for 43% of the total number of patients suffering from arthritis.There are more than 100 million arthritis patients in China,and the number is growing.According to statistics,half of people over 50 years old in China suffer from osteoarthritis,and 90% of women over 65 years of age and 80% of men suffer from osteoarthritis.The prevalence rate in China is 0.34% to 0.36%,and the life span of severe cases is shortened by about 10 to 15 years.At present,the most commonly used and most basic treatment for OA is mainly oral anti-inflammatory analgesics,but long-term use will have great side effects and be resistant to drugs.Therefore,finding drugs that are resistant to drug resistance and have low side-effects is imperative.Chondroitin sulfate(Ch S)is a normal component of cartilage and can bind water molecules to lubricate joints and allow joints to move freely.Because of its low side effects,Ch S is often used as a dietary supplement to improve KOA in the United States.Sodium ferulate(SF)is a kind of traditional Chinese medicine.It is less toxic to the body,soluble in water,stable in nature,and has a good effect on the repair of chondrocytes.In this paper,the effects of chondroitin sulfate combined with sodium ferulate on knee osteoarthritis were studied through animal experiments.The purpose of this study was to observe the effect of combined use of drugs on SOD activity and MDA content in plasma and arthritis of rabbits.Furthermore,the effect of combined medication on knee osteoarthritis in rabbits was evaluated.Materials and methods 40 male healthy New Zealand white rabbits weighing approximately 2.5 kg were randomly divided into blank control group(group A),model control group(group B),Ch S group(group C),and Ch S+SF group(group D).Four groups of rabbits were anesthetized with 20g/L sodium pentobarbital.After the prepared 20g/L papain aqueous solution was injected through the joint cavity,knee joints from groups B to D were established to establish the knee arthritis model.Each rabbit was injected with 0.3ml.Group A rabbits were injected with physiological saline 0.3 ml.After 2 weeks of modeling,group C was given 100 mg/kg of Chs daily by intragastric administration,and once a week,0.15 ml of normal saline was injected into the joint cavity;group D was given perfusion except for 100 mg/kg/day of Ch S.One injection of 2g/L SF 0.15 ml was used for intra-articular injection.The same period of time in each group was intragastrically administered in groups A-B and intra-articular injections of saline were performed at the same time during the same period of time.The four groups were continuously treated for 4 weeks.One week after the last administration,rabbit ear vein blood was collected 3 ml,heparin was taken from the plasma by anticoagulation,and the joint synovial fluid was taken after the death.The volume of SOD and MDA in plasma and synovial fluid were measured and the joint cavity and cartilage surface were visually observed.The articular cartilage was cut off and stained with toluidine blue.The cartilage tissue structure,cell number,toluidine blue staining,and the integrity of the tidal line were observed under light microscope,and the degree of degeneration was scored according to Mankin's scoring criteria.Results 1.General situation: All experimental rabbits have completed the experiment.No infection and death occurred in the experimental rabbit during the entire experiment period.The animal model was established successfully.2.SOD and MDA levels in plasma and synovial fluid in the four groups: SOD activity in plasma and synovial fluid of group A was significantly higher than that in group B,and MDA content was significantly lower than that in group B(P<0.05),indicating that the model was successful.The activity of SOD in plasma and synovial fluid was higher in group C and D than that in group B(P<0.05),and it was more obvious in group D.The content of MDA was lower than B(P<0.05),and it was more obvious in group D.3.Mankin's score of four groups of articular cartilage: The Mankin's score of group B was significantly lower than that of group A(P<0.05),indicating that the model was successful.The Mankin's scores in the C and D groups were significantly lower than those in the B group(P<0.05),and were more pronounced in the D group.The structure of group A was clear,the cells were arranged regularly,the tide line was intact,and the toluidine blue was evenly stained;the structure of group B was disordered,the cells were reduced,the arrangement was disordered,the tide line was fuzzy,and toluidine blue staining was heavily stained;the group C was disordered and cells were diffused.Hyperplasia,toluidine blue staining is not uniform;D group structure is less clear,cell arrangement is less regular,toluidine blue staining is not uniform.Conclusions 1.Arthritic injection of papain can successfully establish an arthritis model. 2.Compared with the blank control group,the SOD activity in the model group was significantly decreased,and the MDA content was significantly increased.This shows that SOD and MDA participate in the degeneration process of articular cartilage.3.The combined use of chondroitin sulfate and sodium ferulate to repair knee osteoarthritis in rabbits is superior to chondroitin sulfate alone.