Research On Hypolipidemic And Hpyerglycemic Effects And Combined Effects Of Momordica Charantia Saponins,Pumpkin Polysaccharides And Buckwheat Flavonoids Extracts

Hyperlipemia and type 2 diabetes mellitus are two serious public health problems,which seriously threatened human health in the world today.Momordica charantia saponins,Pumpkin polysaccharides and Buckwheat flavonoids.as natural plant active components,are often used in prevention and control of those two diseases based on their hypolipidemic and hpyerglycemic effects,lower price and less side-effects.In order to increase utilization rate of the three natural plant active components and improve their hypolipidemic and hpyerglycemic effects,two different approaches were investigated in this paper.Firstly.Momordica charantia saponins microcapsules were prepared by piercing-solidifying method with chitosan and alginate as carriers.The preparation process,sustained-release performance and inhibition of enzymatic activity of the microcapsules in mimic gastric and intestinal environments were studied.Secondly,synergistic combination of Momordica charcantia saponins with Pumpkin polysaccharides or Buckwheat flavonoids for hypolipidemic and hpyerglycemic effects was studied using cytological and zoological experimental methods through multiple levels,multiple targets and different pathways.This study could provide a reference for development of functional foods with auxiliaryly hypolipidemic and hpyerglycemic effects.The main results were as follows:(I)The content of Momordica charantia saponins reached 58.5%after purifying by AB-8 macroporous resins.48.29%of Pumpkin polysaccharide was obtained through hot water extraction and ethanol precipitation.The flavonoid of Buckwheat was determined by ultraviolet spectrophotometer and its content was 72.3%.Meanwhile,thin layer chromatography(TLC)was used to identify Momordica charantia saponins.It confirmed that purified Momordica charantia saponins had ginsenoside Rgl,another component which have close polarity with ginsenoside Rb1 and three other saponins,purified Pumpkin polysaccharides might contain rhamnose,glucose,galactose,arabinose,and mannose,while Buckwheat flavonoids mainly contained rutin and quercetin.(2)The method of Momordica charantia saponins rnicrocapsules prepared by piercing-solidifying was simple,fast and had mild conditions.The optimized conditions by single factor and orthogonal experiments were:the concentration of alginate,chitosan and calcium chloride were 5%,0.5%,3.5%respectively,the ratio of sodium alginate and core materials was 0.6:1.The microcapsules obtained using this formula displayed good sustained-release performance in mimic gastric and intestinal environments.The release rate of sapoins reached 52.14%in 2h in simulated gastric fluid.The accumulated release rate of saponins was 81.20%after another 10h in simulated intestinal fluid.Both alpha glycosidase and alpha amylase were inhibited by the microcapsules in mimic gastric and intestinal environments,and inhibition rate increased with increase of the released sapoins.Compared to free extracts,microcapsules could protect saponins active components,prolong the acting time and alleviate the side effects.(3)The best conditions of buliding insulin HepG2/IR model were:HepG2/IR model was treated with 30?g/mL of insulin for 36h.Results showed that 400?g/mL of Momordica charantia saponins,700?g/mL of Pumpkin polysaccharides.or 400?g/mL of Buckwheat flavonoids significantiy increased activity of HepG2/IR cells,and meliorated consumption of glucose,which means they could achieve good hypoglycemic effect.The results showed that combined use of Momordicca charantia saponins and Pumpkin polysaccharides or Buckwheat flavonoids had better effects on ameliorating insulin resistance and increasing cell activity than individual use of one extract.(4)Data showed that feeding high fat diet to rats for 6 weeks could successfully induced hyperlipidemia.Feeding obese rats with 400mg/kg and 800mg/kg Momordica charantia extracts remarkably improved rats oral glucose tolerance,lipid profiles,enhanced antioxidant capacity.200mg/kg of Momordica charantia extracts followed.(5)The study not only confirmed that Momordica charantia saponins,Pumpkin polysaccharides,Buckwheat flavonoids have hypolipidemic effects,but also indicated combined use of three extracts have better effects on lowering lipid and lossing weight than single use.They significantly improved serum lipid profiles,incresed oral glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity.protected kidney and liver,as well as regulated adipokine(TNF-a,ADP,LP).(6)All the extracts could greatly ameliorate "three polys and one little" symptom,lowered blood sugar levels.improved lipid profiles,oral glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity in STZ-diabetic rats.Meanwhile,they played a role in protecting kidney and liver as well as regulating adipokine(TNF-a,ADP).The effects of the combination of the extracts were superior to that of using either of them.It concluded that three extracts exerted their hpyerglycemic effects through multiple targets and pathways,promoted each other and showed good synergistic effects.