Study On Optimization Of Extraction And Testing Methods Of Chemical Components In Ginseng

Ginseng（Panax ginseng C.A.Mey）,as a traditional precious and nourishing Chinese herbal medicine,occupies an important position in the history of Chinese medicine and health care.At present,the quality evaluation of ginseng chemical components in China is not systematic and comprehensive,lacking of perfect evaluation standards and management norms.The purpose of this study was to optimize the multi-component extraction and detection technology of ginseng based on the traditional extraction and separation technology,and to establish a multi-component chemical composition evaluation system based on multi-component chemical composition evaluation system,and to compare the contents of ginseng chemical components in five samples of Jilin Province.The results are as follows:The ultrasonic-assisted extraction process of ginsenoside Rg₁,Rb₁ and Re was studied by Box-Benhken experiment design.The optimum extraction conditions were as follows:70%ethanol as solvent,ultrasonic power is 480 W,material-liquid ratio is 1:50,temperature is 60℃,time is 30 min,extracting is 3 times,And the UPLC-MS/MS method for the determination of 28 ginsenosides were established.Orthogonal design was used to optimize and compare the extraction techniques of Ginseng polysaccharide Soxhlet extraction,microwave-assisted extraction and ultrasonic-assisted extraction.The optimum extraction method was ultrasonic assisted extraction.The process was as follows:using water as solvent,ultrasonic power is 200 W,ratio of material to liquid is 1:50,time is 25 min,temperature is80℃,extracting is 2 times.By comparing the four methods of extraction and purification of pesticide residues,the purification process was optimized.Results:QuEChERS rapid extraction purification method was applied,and ultrasonic extraction method was used,and Dispersive SPE solid phase extraction were used to purify the extraction solution.The extraction rate was higher and the purification was more complete.A GC-MS/MS method for the determination of 32 pesticide residues in Panax ginseng was established.A ICP-MS method for the determination of 23 elements in ginseng（including 6 heavy metal elements with limited limits）was established by microwave digestion.Based on the multi-component analysis method,the ginseng was compared between 5 producingregions:For total saponins content,The content of jingyu ginseng was significantly higher than that of other samples.For ginsenoside Rg₁+Re and Rb₁,All the 5 samples of ginseng have reached standard in pharmacopoeia.Moreover,ginsenoside Rg₁+Re content was the highest in changbai ginseng samples,while the highest content of Rb₁ was found in jingyu,which was significantly higher than other samples.For the single saponins content,there are obvious differences among the samples.The contents of 9ginsenosides Rg₁,Re,Rf,Rg₂,Ra₃,Rb₃,F₅,Rh₁ and F₃ were the highest in Changbai sample.The contents of 16 ginsenosides Rb₁,Ro,Rc,Rb₂,Rd,Rk₃,F₄,Rg₄,Rg₂（R）,Rh₁（R）,Rh₄,F₁,F₂,Rg₃,Rg₃（R）and Rk₁ have the highest content in Jingyu sample,while ginsenosides Ra₂,Ra₂ and CK have the highest content in Yanbian ginseng.For ginseng polysaccharides content,the highest content of polysaccharides was found in Fusong ginseng,which was significantly higher than that in other sample.For ginseng amino acid content,the total amino acid content of ginseng in Changbai ginseng was the highest and significantly higher than that in other sample.In addition,the contents of 17 kinds of amino acids were compared.Except that the content of Pro was the highest in Fusong ginseng,the content of other 16 kinds of amino acids was the highest in Changbai ginseng.For pesticide residues,only the contents of hexachlorobenzene,pentachloronitrobenzene and pentachloronitrobenzene in Fusong ginseng exceeded the pesticide residue limit standard,which seriously affected the quality of ginseng.The pesticide residue content of other ginseng samples is lower than the limit standard,and the safety is better.As far as the content of heavy metals is concerned,the contents of heavy metals Hg and Ni in the samples exceed the limit standard,which seriously affects the quality of ginseng.The innovation point of this study is to establish the quality evaluation system of multi-component ginseng chemical components based on the functional components（ginsenosides,amino acids,polysaccharides）and harmful components（pesticide residues,heavy metals）of ginseng for the first time.