Survey Of Micronutrients Deficiency In Pregant Woman,and The Mechanism Of The Effects Of Vitamin D Deficiency During Pregnancy On Offspring's Allergic Disease

In recent years,with a rapid growth of micronutrients deficiency in pregnant women,vitamin D deficiency and iodine deficiency have become a public health problem.There is a rising incidence of childhood allergic diseases in recent years.Numerous evidences have shown that vitamin D deficiency during pregnancy may play a role in childhood allergic diseases.Our study will explore the epidemiological investigation of maternal micronutrients deficiency and possible mechnisms of maternal vitamin D deficiency on childhood allergic diseases from three dimensions.1.The part aim to explore vitamin D status of newborns in Shanghai and influencing factors.In this study,participants had a median cord blood 25(OH)D concentration of 22.4 ng/mL.The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency(<20 ng/mL)and insufficiency(<30 ng/mL)were 36.3% and 84.1% respectively.Compared to the children born in summer,the risk of vitamin D deficiency was increased with children born in autumn and winter(aOR=1.7 in autumn,and aOR=1.7 in winter),and the risk of vitamin D deficiency was decreased with vitamin D supplementation during pregnancy(aOR=0.6).2.In the second part,we intended to clarify the iodine status in the three trimesters of pregnancy,the determinants of UI level,and the association between thyroid hormone and UI levels in pregnant women.Our study showed that participants had a median UI concentration of 156.3,176.9 and 175.1mg/gcreatinine in the first,second and third trimester respectively.The prevalence of urinary iodine deficiency were 48.3%?34.2% and 36.2% respectively.Factors that significantly influenced the UI levels include the following: iodine content of household salt,multivitamin supplement with iodine,seaweed intakes,age and occupation.UI was positively correlated with iodine in salt(r=0.406,P=0.001).There was no correlation between UI and thyroid hormone in the second trimester(P>0.05).3.To establish viamin D deficiency animal model in SD pregnancy rats,and to adderss whether the maternal vitamin D deficiency influences the vitamin D status and weight in offspring rats.For normal group,vitamin D deficiency group and supplementation group,the maternal serum 25(OH)D levels were(23.23±2.08)ng/mL,(5.52±2.36)ng/mL and(11.35±1.84)ng/mL respectively;the 25(OH)D levels in offspring were(7.15±1.30)ng/mL,(0.93±0.22)ng/mL and(6.82±1.37)ng/mL respectively.For the dams and the offspring,the level of 25(OH)D in deficiency group was significantly decreased compared with normal group and supplementationgroup(P<0.05).In flow cytometry,the Th1/Th2 in three groups was(0.90±0.35),(0.24±0.08)and(0.94±0.26)respectively.Compared with normal group,Th1/Th2 balance in the deficiency group skewed toward Th2,and Th1/Th2 imbalance improved after vitamin D supplementation during pregnancy.For normal group,deficiency group and supplementation group,the level of IFN-? was(18.72±5.66)pg/ml,(8.27±3.86)pg/ml and(19.31±5.68)pg/ml respectively;the level of IL-4 was(3.49±0.52)pg/ml,(4.14±0.55)pg/ml and(3.52±0.52)pg/ml.Compared with normal group,the IFN-? was significantly reduced in the deficiency group,and the IL-4 was significantly increased(P<0.05).Compared with deficiency group,the IFN-? was significantly increased in the supplementation group,and the IL-4 was decreased increased(P<0.05).DNMT expression in offspring of three groups were(3.05±3.19),(9.51±8.01)and(3.29±3.24)ng/?l.In normal group,vitamin D deficiency group and vitamin D supplementation group,the prevalence of methylation rate(>80%)in IFN-? promoter was 20.00%,43.33% and 20.00% respectively.Methylation detection of IFN-? promoter demonstrated that vitamin D deficiency groups had a hypermethylation.The prevalence of methylation rate(>80%)in IL-4 promoter was 56.67%,46.67% and 53.33% respectively,no statistic difference was found in IL-4 promoter methylation.