Study On Extraction And Activities Of Active Constituents In Different Parts From Sambucus Williamsii Hance

Sambucus williamsii Hance,the traditional Chinese herbal medicine,belongs to Caprifoliaceae.It has good therapeutic effects on fractures,osteoporosis and external hemorrhage.In recent years,there have been more and more reports on the extraction of traditional Chinese medicine components and the exploration of their biological activities,which is significant for the redevelopment and utilization of traditional Chinese medicine.In this paper,Sambucus williamsii Hance from northeastern of China was selected as the research object for experiments.The optimization of the extraction process of the alkaloids,lignans,saponins,and anthocyanins in the roots,stems,and fruits was found out,which provided a theoretical basis for the new drugs of Sambucus williamsii Hance.The active substances were extracted from the roots,stems and fruits of Sambucus williamsii Hance by using ethanol reflux method and water bath ultrasonic method.The alkaloids,lignans,saponins and anthocyanins were extracted.According to the analysis of the single factor experimental results,it was found that the yield of active substances extracted from the Sambucus williamsii Hance by the ethanol reflux method was higher.Therefore,it was determined that the extraction of the Sambucus williamsii Hance active substance was continued using ethanol as an extractant,and the obtained crude extract was used for follow-up isolation,purification and biological activity tests.The extraction rates of active ingredients in different parts of Sambucus were compared and determined the root and stem of Sambucus as main material of alkaloids and saponins extraction;Sambucus stems were used as the main part of lignans extraction;fruits of Sambucus williamsii Hance were used as the main extracting object for anthocyanins.The results of optimize the extraction conditions of ethanol reflux extraction by the response surface method are as follows: The optimum extraction conditionsof alkaloids were extraction temperature of 70?,extraction time for 2h and solid-liquid ratio of 1: 20.The best extraction conditions of lignans were extraction temperature of 75?,extraction time for 2h,solid-liquid ratio of 1:20.The optimum extraction conditions of saponin were extraction temperature of 80?,extraction time for 3h,solid-to-liquid ratio of 1:15.As for anthocyanins,the best extraction conditions were extraction temperature of 45?,extraction time for 2h,solid-liquid ratio of 1:20.Using D101 macroporous resin for separation and purification of alkaloids,lignans,saponins,and anthocyanins from Sambucus williamsii Hance.According to the characters of each active substance,selected the eluent and each eluent configured with different concentrations,elution order is from low to high concentration of elutes.The eluent was collected by an electronic chronoamperometer,and the OD value was determined by using an ultraviolet spectrophotometer.The elution curve was plotted based on the obtained data,and the optimum eluent concentration was determined after comparison.The results obtained after the analysis were as follows: The best eluent of alkaloids was 75% ethanol and 1% hydrochloric acid solution,and the eluted alkaloid content was 5.81 mg/g.The best eluent of lignans was obtained.It is a 95% ethanol solution,and the eluted lignan content was 11.7mg/g.The best eluent of saponins is 90% ethanol solution,and the eluted content was 2.7mg/g.The best eluent of anthocyanins was 75% ethanol solution,and the anthocyanin content was 23.7 mg/g after elution.TLC and high performance liquid chromatography identified the obtained extract purified product.Purified alkaloids,lignans,saponins and anthocyanins extracts were used for comparative experiments of biological activities,such as antioxidation experiments,anti-inflammatory experiments,and antibacterial experiments.The experimental results showed that the antioxidant activity of anthocyanin was the best;the anti-inflammatory activity of lignans in Sambucus williamsii Hance was best;the antibacterial activity of alkaloids and lignans in Sambucus williamsii Hance was best.