| Asparagi radix is a dried root of Asparagus cochinchinensis?Lour.?Merr.,a plant of the family Liliaceae,which is included in the 2015 Edition of Chinese Pharmacopoeia.It is cold,sweet and slightly bitter according to traditional Chinese medicine?TCM?theory.It has the effects of nourishing yin and clearing heat,nourishing lungs and nourishing kidneys.It is used to treat Yin deficiency fever,lung carbuncle,pharyngoxerosis and other diseases for TCM doc-tors.It is a traditional Chinese medicine commonly used in clinic and has many pharmacolog-ical effects such as hypoglycemic,anti-inflammatory,anti-aging and anti-tumor activities.Pre-vious studies on its chemical composition showed that Asparagi radix mainly contained carbo-hydrates,saponins,flavonoids,amino acids and other kinds of components.Steroidal saponins are the main active components of Asparagi radix,which contain a variety of structure types with great differences in physical and chemical properties,as well as a large number of homo-logues and isomers.Therefore,it is difficult to separate and purify them,which greatly restricts the quality standard of aspartame and the basic research on medicinal substances.Through re-ferring to the related literature and analyzing its chemical compositions by LC-MS,we found that the chemical compositions were not fully studied at present.In order to further understand the steroidal saponin compositions in Asparagi radix and explore its pharmacological active substances,we conducted an in-depth study on chemical constituents.In this study,the crude extract of 100 kg Asparagi radix was obtained by reflux extraction with 60%ethanol.The extract was separated and purified by column chromatog-raphy on AB-8 macroporous adsorption resin,MCI resin,Sephadex LH-20 gel,silica gel and C18,and semi-preparetive HPLC?including materials with different separation mechanisms?,following detection by TLC,HPLC-ELSD and UPLC-Q-TOF/MS.Finally,18 pure com-pounds were obtained from the crude extract and the physical and chemical properties were measured.Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic techniques such as HR-ESI-MS,1H-NMR,13C-NMR,1H-1H COSY,HSQC and HMBC,etc.,and they are 14 furostanol sapo-nins,1 spirostanol saponin and 3 other types of compounds,eight of which are new compounds.The structures of 8 new compounds are as follows:?25R?-26-O-?-D-glucopyranosyl-5?-furost-3?,22?,26-triol-3-O-?-D-glucopyranosyl-?1?2?-[?-D-xylopyranosyl?1?4?]-[?-L-rhamnopy-ranosy1?1?6?]-?-D-glucopyranoside?1?,?25R?-26-O-?-D-glucopy ranosyl-5?-furost-3?,22?,26-triol-3-O-?-D-glucopyranosyl-?1?2?-[?-L-rhamnopyranosy1?1?4?-[?-L-rhamno-pyranosy1?1?6?]-?-D-glucopyranoside?2?,?25R?-26-O-?-D-glucopyranosy l-5?-furost-3?,22?,26-triol-3-O-?-L-rhamnopyranosy1-?1?2?-[?-D-xylo-pranosyl-?1?4?]-?-D-glucopy-ranoside?3?,?25S?-26-O-?-D-glucopyranosyl-5?-furost-3?,22?,26-triol-3-12-one-3-O-?-L-rhamno-pyranosy1-?1?2?-[?-D-xylopyranosyl-?1?4?]-?-D-glucopyranoside?4?,?25S?-26-O-?-D-glucopyranosyl-?5?6?-en-furost-3?,22?,26-triol-3-O-?-L-rhamnopyranosy1-?1?2?-[?-D-xylopyranosyl-?1?4?]-?-D-glucopyranoside?5?,?25S?-26-O-?-D-glucopyranosyl-?5?6?-ene-furost-3?,22?,26-triol-12-one-3-O-?-L-rhamnopyranosy1-?1?2?-[?-D-xylopyranosyl-?1?4?]-?-D-glucopyra-no-side?6?,?25R?-26-O-?-D-glucopyranosyl-5?-furost-3?,22?,26-triol-3-O-?-D-xylpyranosyl-?1?4?-?-D-glucop-yranoside?7?,?25S?-5?-spirost-3?,22?-12-one-3-O-?-D-glucopyranoside?8?.The known compounds are?25R?-26-O-?-D-glucopyranosyl-?5?6?-ene-furost-3?,22?,26-triol-3-O-?-L-rhamnopyranosy1-?1?4?-[?-D-xylopyranosyl-?1?2?]-?-D-glucopyranoside?9?,Ascocochioside A?10?,?25S?-26-O-?-D-glucopyranosyl-5?-furost-3?,22?,26-triol-3-O-?-D-xylopyranosyl-?1?4?-?-D-glucopyranoside?11?,?25R?-26-O-?-D-glucopyranosyl-5?-furost-3?,22?,26-triol-3-O-?-L-rhamnopyr-anosy1?1?4?-?-D-glucopyra-noside?12?,Protodioscin?13?,?25S?-26-O-?-D-gluco-pyranosyl-5?-furost-3?,22?,26-triol-12-one-3-O-?-D-glucopyranoside?14?,Filicinoside C?15?,?+?-Nyasol?16?,?–?-3'-O-methyl-Ny-asol?17?and?-Sitosterol?18?.This study obtained the representative steroidal saponins in Asparagi radix,such as some new structures with ketone group at C-12 and different sugar chains at C-3.It enriched the compound library of steroid saponins and laid the material foundation for the improvement of its quality criterion and the further research and utilization of Asparagi radix. |
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