The Study Of Jin Dynasty Sending Koryo Ministers

The relationship between Jin Dynasty and Koryo is an important part of ChinaDPRK ties.Studying why Jin Dynasty sending Koryo Ministers can help us to study the change of Jin Dynasty and Koryo relationship furthermore,to acquaint the ideas towards Koryo of Jin,to understand ethic politics of Jin Dynasty and the politics of minister's selection.This article is divided into four chapters to analyze Koryo Ministers and make a conclusion.Chapter one is The periodization of the relationship between Jin Dynastyand Koryo.To this article,the degrees of kinship of the relationship between Jin Dynasty and Koryo,and the attitude of both sides are depended on the alteration in the relative strength of them.This article divides the relationship between Jin Dynasty and Koryo into three stages,they are establishment?stationary and decline.And,1116-1129 of which is the establishment period of Jin and Koryo,the stage characteristics of this period are represent as,in the constantly diplomatic struggle of Jin and Koryo,comparing with the relationship between Jurchen and Koryo,their relationship had a qualitative change,until Koryo handed over oath to Jin,by oath of alliance to establish their suzerainvassalrelations,they finally ended up both open strife and veiled struggle on diplomacy,then entered the mainstream stage between Jin and Koryo stationary period,1129-1211,in this period,their relation had a peaceful development,the two sides sent ministers according to the certain rules,when there were some breakthroughs,they would send envoy to communicate with each other,in this way,burdening the economic and cultural exchanges and political interaction between two countries.The third stage,1211-1234,Mongolia is beginning to rise,endangering the Jin Dynasty's rule,Jin's regime is in a critical situation.Although Koryo continue to consider Jin Dynasty as their mother country,they still scare the fast developing Mongolia,so they have already made adjustment on foreign policy,with “ Zhenyou Ferry Southward”,it's also affect the dispatch minister of both sides.Jin Dynasty and Koryo's relations have a overall decline.Chapter two is The classification of Jin Dynasty sending Koryo Ministers.According to the different mission of the envoy and whether the dispatch of the envoy has the certain stability and continuity,the article divided the Jin's ministers into two types: Intensive Ambassador and Extensive Ambassador.Intensive Ambassador includes Celebrate Birthday Ambassador,Order Declaration Ambassador,Apotheosis Ambassador,Death Declaration Ambassador,Sacrifice Declaration Ambassador,Solicitude Ambassador,Appointment Declaration Ambassador,and Relegation Decl-aration Ambassador.Extensive Ambassador includes: Folkdisease Declaration Ambassador,Query Declaration Ambassador,and Folkdisease Consolation Ambassador.According to these dispatch or not of the ministers,Jin Dynasty indicate a certain attitude to Koryo.In a friendly period,the dispatch of the ministers is the symbol of stability between two sides.According to the dispatch of the ministers,it also deepen further understanding of the domestic situation in Koryo and promote communication between the two countries.Chapter three is The background of envoys sent by Jin Dynasty.In this chapter,this paper discusses nations,extractions,offices and official ranks in feudal(that is to say to take advantage of others' prestige)of these envoys.There are Jurchens accounted for 35%,Khitans for 15%,Hansand Bohais for 50%,from these data we will know the nation policy of Jins,that is preferring Jurchens to a certain extent,but also think highly of other nations.According to the existing historical materials,the author thinks most of the envoys came from notable families,even included members of royal clans.Also there were Diplomatic Families missioned to Koryo.Besides,before Emperor Hailing,Jins preferred sending magistrates,while from Tlzu to Emperor Xi,there were 18 magistrates accounted for 3/5,12 senior officials accounted for 2/5 in the inspected officials.After the accession of Emperor Hailing,senior officials were more than magistrates sent to Koryo,there were only 1magistrate in these 83 inspected officials,the others were all the senior officials.There were the occasion of taking advantages of others' prestige in the sending,always missioning under the guise of “Imperial Office Supervisor”,”Government Supervisor “ or “Assistant Minister in some ministry”.Most of the envoys were Officer Positive 4 or Assistant 4,however,there were still few Officer 5 or Assistant5 even 6.Chapter four is Personal quality of envoys sent by Jin Dynasty.This paper holds the idea that envoys sent by Jin Dynasty generally possessed superior culture qualityand strong diplomatic skills.The superior culture quality deepen the communication in culture and showed properly that Koryo was a highlevel cultural standing in the concepts of Jins,and that's the reason why sending those high quality envoys.The strong diplomatic skills helped with dealing disputes,firming bilateral status and keeping peaceful when Jin Dynasty establishing the state.In the conclusion,this paper analyses the behaviors of Jin Dynasty in sendingenvoys,the policy of employing and attitude towards them.