The Research On The Envoy Group From Lee’s Korea To Qing Dynasty

The Lee’s Korea envoys to Qing Dynasty to perform their duty of tribute according to regulations during Qing Dynasty.Doubtless,the exchange of envoys between Qing Dynasty and Korea is the inheritance and development of China Korea relations.The cohort study on the envoys from Lee’s Korea to Qing Dynasty reflects not only the development of bilateral relations,but also reflects the important contents such as how the Lee’s Korea envoys to the Qing Dynasty.This paper is divided into four chapters except introduction and conclusion:Chapter one:The general situation of the envoys from Lee’s Korea to Qing Dynasty.The two countries had exchanges as early as the later Jin Dynasty.The official establishment of the tributary relationship between the two countries was marked by the official dispatch of envoys by the Korean Li dynasties to the Qing Dynasty in the April,2^ndyear of chong deperiod,Qing Dynasty(1637,the 15^thyear of ren zu period,Korea).This paper divides the dispatch activity from Lee’s Korea to Qing Dynasty into early stage and later stage on the basis of the psychological identity of the Lee’s Korea to Qing Dynasty.The early stage of dispatching was from the 2^ndyear of chong deperiod（1637）to the 1^styear of shun zhi period,Qing Dynasty（1644）.During this period,the Lee’s Korea was forced to send envoys to the Qing Dynasty by the Qing Dynasty’s military force and high-pressure policy.At that time,the former suzerain of Korean Li Dynasty——Ming Dynasty was still exist,The Lee’s Korea still had"Latent Connection"with the Ming Dynasty,the tribute relationship between the two countries during this period can be described as"Appear united outwardly but divided at heart".The later stage of dispatching was from the 1st year of shun zhi period Qing Dynasty（1644）.After the army of the Qing Dynasty invaded Shan hai guan in that year,the unification of the whole country brought huge impact to the Korean Li Dynasty.Meanwhile,the Qing Dynasty made important policy adjustments to the Korean Li Dynasty,mainly as follows:Release the hostages,reduce tribute,reduce envoys and send important officials to the Lee’s Korea etc.These measures made the North Korean and the Li Dynasty gradually accept the Qing Dynasty’s suzerain status psychologically.Chapter two:The origin place and family background of the envoys of the Lee’s Korea to the Qing Dynasty.There are two parts in this chapter.The origin and family background of the envoys in Qing Dynasty was discussed respectively and the relationship between them was analyzed in this chapter.In terms of the origin place distribution of the envoys to the Qing Dynasty,their distribution is concentrated in one point or one area,while they are scattered in other areas.The difference of regional economic development and the imbalance of regional cultural and educational development are the main reasons for the uneven distribution of envoys to the Qing Dynasty.The envoys to the Qing Dynasty were the“Yangban”class,the political privileges of the Lee’s Korea were monopolized by the“Yangban”class.Normally these envoys were officials and ministers because they had obvious family ties.Mostly,they lived in areas where the natural environment is favorable and where were economically and educationally well-developed,and there were many distinguished noble generations living in these areas.So the origin place and family background of the envoys are closely related.Chapter three:Official performance of the envoys from Lee’s Korea to Qing Dynasty.The envoys’entry route to the government,rank,official position,and the change of official position and rank after returning home were discussed in detail in this chapter.There are totally 125 envoys to the Qing Dynasty whose way of entering government were clearly recorded in history record:80 of them were appointed by imperial examination,28 members of the imperial clan,13 members of ducke and 4 members were appointed by others reasons.The military examination was included in the imperial examination in this chapter,64%of them depended on the imperial examination,22.4%of them relied on the imperial clan,10.4%of them relied on the relative ties,and 3.2%of them were appointed by other reasons.In this sense,the Qing envoys were mainly appointed by imperial examinations.In terms of rank and official position,most of the Lee’s Korea envoys were selected from the central organization and the executive agency,the rank of the envoys is mostly above the second grade（including the second grade）,the envoys of the Lee’s Korea to the Qing Dynasty were mainly full-time officials in the late Qian long period of the Qing Dynasty,that is to say,the envoys to the Qing Dynasty should be the central official with a rank above second grade.The rank and official position of these envoys will change after they return home for reporting their task completion.These changes mainly reflect the following two situations:First,The envoy was promoted upon their task completion;second,the envoy to the Qing Dynasty borrowed other official title for the purpose of fulfilling the mission.Chapter four:Personal quality of the envoys from Lee’s Korea to Qing Dynasty.This chapter evaluated envoys to the Qing Dynasty as high level of personal quality,which can be divided into two aspects:personal cultural accomplishment and diplomatic accomplishment.Most of the envoys from Lee’s Korea to Qing Dynasty entered the government by the imperial examination and were literati.These envoys not only wrote famous anthologies,but also conducted literary and academic exchanges with the Qing Dynasty scholars during their missions to the Qing Dynasty,These reflects that the envoys to Qing Dynasty had qualified cultural attainments.Meanwhile,the envoys from Lee’s Korea to Qing Dynasty contributed a lot for the friendly relationships between two countries and the dignity and the interest of their nation etc.All the above facts fully revealed envoys’extraordinary diplomatic accomplishment.Conclusion part,the characteristics of the envoy group from Lee’s Korea to Qing Dynasty and their contributions to the exchanges between the two countries were summarized and evaluated in this part.