Studys On The Modal Adverbs In Mencius

Mencius is an important corpus of the pre-Qin period.The number of modal adverbs is abundant and its characteristics are clear.However,the overall research is relatively weak.Therefore,this article systematically studies modal adverbs in Mencius.This paper Firstly defines modal adverbs based on the existing research theories.On this basis,the number of modal adverbs of Mencius is 24 in exhaustive statistics.Using "tone" as the standard,Mencius modal adverbs are divided into five categories for research.Among them,nine were identified as confirmer emphasizes classes:”bi”(?),“gu”(?),”you”(?),” cheng”(?),” qie”(?),”guo”(?),” xin”(?),”shang”(?),”nai”(?);seven are euphemism and estimated classes:“qi1”(? 1),“shuji”(??),“gai”(?),“yi”(?),“huo”(?),“huozhe”(??)and “dai”(?);four are rhetorical and questions classes: “qi”,(?)"he"(?),"du"(?)"qi2(? 2)";three are respectful classes: "gan"(?),"qing"(?),"qie"(?);one is accident classes: "zeng"(?).Combining quantitative statistics and qualitative analysis,combining description and induction,combing the source of usage of each modal adverbs,describing and interpreting its distribution,composition,semantic orientation,and pragmatic functions in Mencius Modal adverb features.Choosing Warring States,Shi Shuo Xin yu and Journey to the West were compared with Mencius for synchronic and diachronic comparisons,it finds that the Mancius modal adverb in the course of Chinese language development were polyphonic Change,rising and falling.It sums up the characteristics of monosyllabic adverbs dominated by Mencius,regularity with other word combinations,unbalanced distribution of sentence types,multiple semantic directions,and fixed pragmatic functions.