Study On Bridges Management System In Tang And Song Dynasties

In the art of managing empires,securing the operation and communication of districts is of crucial importance,and the infrastructure of transportation and bridges plays an important role in securing this strategic,national and military operation,through the deliveries of government decrees,materials and passage of high level offieals and civil population.The implementation of government decrees,the transportation of materials,or the traveling of kinds of people,all cannot be guaranteed without bridges and their connection function of the whole net of transportation.Because the bridges took an important part on ensuring this normal operation of the transportation network.Construction and repairing of bridges was regarded as the duty of politicians by Confucians,but also regaraded from the Buddhist monks as an important philosophical and practical way to the other side.These are the reasons for the construction and repairing of bridges.During Tang and Song Dynasties,the relevant bridges management agencies and staffs were all set up.During Tang Dynasty,in Chang'an and Luoyang,the management of bridges was mainly directed by Gongbu????,and specific affairs of it were performed by Jiang zuojian ???,shao fujian ??? and Du shuijian ???.In the government,prefecture and the county,the bridges was part-timed managed by Shicaocanjunshi ????,Sishicanjunshi ????? or other officers.Compared with Tang Dynasty,the bridges management agencies and staffs of bridges management during the Song Dynasty was even more cormplicated for being affected by Emissaries and Temporary Assignments.Management of Central and Important Bridges changed many times from institutional reform in the Yuanfeng ?? period.It went through three stages,which were Gongbu ???? became idle institution before changing the system,recovery of Gongbu's function after changing the system,and erosion in change of the system.Management agencies and staffs for local bridges have a various establishment,and many participated in it.From the change of tang and song laws,the development and change process of establishment of bridge management agencies and staffs during Tang and Song dynasties is teased out.The government had established a set of constant program including two links such as national important bridges and local ordinary bridges,to ensure the smooth progress of the construction and repairing of bridge.No matter what kind of bridges,the basic purpose of them is to achieve thoroughfare across the Strait.Based on the management of bridge at all levels,the management of bridge's passage during Tang and Song dynasties was discussed.The management of bridge included planning,time of Construction and repairing,source of funds,maintenance,rewards and punishments for staffs,etc.Through examples,the regulations and actual operation of the overall bridge management system is analyzed.Tang and Song dynasties had made explorations and adjustments for bridge management system,and had instituted statutes for bridge management system,from establishment of agencies and staffs to bridge management at different levels,in order to realizing a rational and effective usage of bridge.