A Study On The Vocabulary Of Tujia Language In Longshan Pojiao Village

This paper takes the Tujia vocabulary system at Pojiao Village of Longshan County as the research object,using the methods of recording linguistics and descriptive linguistics to describe and analyze the ontological characteristics of the vocabulary system,and comprehensively discusses the characteristics,scope and assemblage of the Tujia vocabulary at Pojiao Village.The paper systematically describes the method and of word creation and the type of word formation in Tujia language and deeply analyzes the types,functions,and features of nouns,verbs and adjectives in Tujia language.It also discusses the mutual influence and development trend of Pojiao Tujia language and Chinese in terms of vocabulary.Based on the ontology,there is another unit of terms that expresses the general concept in the vocabulary of Tujia language except the words and fixed phrases.This unit of terms is in a transitional state from free combination of words to words or fixed phrases,so that the structural stability of it is weak.And there is a certain connection between the meanings of these terms,but in the daily communication of Tujia language,it is accustomed to use it as a structurally fixed word.This article refers to this compound phrase,which is both a phrase and a word,as a“phrase word”and is a special part of the vocabulary system.based on the vocabulary source,the vocabulary in Pojiao Tujia language can be divided into language family,language family cognate,self-source words of Tujia language and the borrowed Hanyuan words from Chinese language;According to the vocabulary stability,it can be divided into basic vocabulary and general vocabulary.The basic words have strong stability,wide application range,high frequency of use,low use frequency of general vocabulary,and weak stability;from the method of word formation,it is divided into random combination,combination of pronunciation,phonetic change,rhetoric word building,and word formation of interpreting;the word structure is divided into simple words and compound words,which can be subdivided into compound and derivative styles.The formative forms of Pojiao Tujia language are very abundant,including the typicalaffixes whose meanings are completely blurred,and the class affixes that are also attached with real meanings in the process of being blurred.The typical affixes and the class affixes are attached to the roots to form words.In addition,they also have the functions of changing part of speech,marking parts of speech,distinguishing the meaning of words,marking grammatical meaning,transpose,and so on.The addition of Pojiao Tujia language not only conforms to the abstract generalization of the meaning of the Chinese-Tibetan affixes,but also has some unique features.For example,some affixes are not lightly read,and some form affixes are compactly combined with roots,generally not falling off,etc.In the process of long-term contact with Chinese language,Pojiao Tujia language has undergone great changes in its vocabulary system.The most prominent manifestation is the infiltration of a large number of Chinese borrowed words,resulting in an ever-increasing number of Chinese components in the Tujia language vocabulary system.And those Chinese borrowed words co-existent with or directly substitute the original words.Translating words has become a strong way to create words in Tujia language,which is automatically the same as Chinese words in terms of word-formation.At the same time,the local Chinese vocabulary has also been influenced by Tujia language to a certain extent.The Chinese vocabulary has been infiltrated some Tujia language components.