Research On Phonological System Of Gongyi(Zhitian) Dialect

Gongyi(Zhitian)dialect belongs to the LuoSong subgroup of Zhongyuan Mandarin.In this paper,basing on the field survey,the Gongyi(Zhitian)dialectal phonetic system was studied by synchronic description and comparison.The paper describes the phonological system of Gongyi(Zhitian)dialect,lists the phonetic features and its homophony syllabary.When the non-overlapping two-word combination of Fourth sound is continuous reading in Gongyi(Zhitian)dialect,the former word reads 24 tone.There is no fixed tone for soft-sounding,and the tone varies according to the different types of the previous tone.The Er-hua rhyme are usually ended by [r],and some also have [?] in the rhyme.The other joint syllables usually have the same initials as the preceding character,and have the same Major vowel and ending as the posterior characters.The rhyme head is sometimes the same as the preceding word,sometimes the same as the post word,and sometimes new.The tone is usually the same as the previous word,sometimes the same as the post word or a new tone.Comparing with the ancient sound system,the phonological characteristics of the Gongyi(Zhitian)dialect are obtained.Firstly,the main characteristics of the initials.The ancient Wei words retain the [v] initials.The sharp group and Tuan group is distinguished.The ancient Zhi Zhuang Zhang groups have different initials of [ts] and [t?].The initials of most ancient Ri words are [?] now,while others read [ ] or [z??].Secondly,the main characteristics of the rhyme.The rhyme of ancient Yu Close third-grade Zhi Zhang groups are [?] now.The rhyme of ancient Dang Open third-grade Jing Jian groups which are Ru tone are [yo] now.The rhyme of ancient Zeng Open first-grade Bang Duan groups which are Ru tone are [ei].There are some groups have the same rhyme [?].For example,Zeng Open third-grade Ni Jing Jian groups,Zeng Open third-grade Zhuang groups,Geng Open second-grade(except for Ying groups),and Xie Open first and second-grade(except for Bang groups of first-grade and Jian Ying groups second-grade).The rhyme of ancient Tong Close third-grade Ni Jing groups which are Shu tone are [y?].The rhyme of Zhi Close third-grade Fei groups are [i].Thirdly,The main characteristics of the tone.The ancient Ru tone now is distributed into Yin Ping and Yang Ping.The Ru tone of ancient voiceless and sub-voiced words now read YinPing 24,the voiced words now read YangPing 53.By comparing with the surrounding dialects of Gongyi,the evolution of phonological is inferred.The sharp group and Tuan group is distinguished in Gongyi(Zhitian)dialect.The department of ancient Zhi groups belongs to Chang-Xu type.The ancient Wei words retain the initial of [v].The rhyme of ancient Yu third-grade Zhi Zhang groups are [?] now.The Ru tone of ancient Zeng Open first-grade and Geng Open second-grade are basically keeping detachment.The ancient Xie Zhi Open third-grade of Fei Fu Feng groups retain the ryhme of [i].These characteristics are relatively earlier than the surrounding dialects in language level.The [-i-] rhyme head of the ancient Dang Open thrid-grade Jing Jian groups and Jiang Open second-grade Jian groups’ Ru tone of Luoyang was earlier than the [-y-]rhyme head of Gongyi in language level.