Study On The Development Of Commercialization Of Shandong Cotton Industry In The Ming And Qing Dynasties(1500-1800)

Cotton was originally imported from abroad,but it is of great significance in the history of agricultural development in China.During the Song and Yuan Dynasties,they began to go deep into the vast area of the Central Plains and became known gradually.In the Yuan Dynasty,they were widely respected by the ruling class and became an important source of clothing Since the Ming Dynasty,the cotton-growing industry has achieved longer-term development on Yuan ' s agricultural basis.Cotton cultivation has spread throughout the country,especially in the north.It has become an important supplier of flower velvet,and the market demand has greatly increased.Clothing made of cotton cloth has become the mainstream of the Citizen class.Today,it is far-reaching.Cotton economic development in Shandong Province entered an important stage during the Ming and Qing dynasties.In the Ming Dynasty,Shandong's cotton industry was still in its initial stage of development.The collection was mainly based on physical objects.The transportation of concentrated cotton production areas was mainly oriented to the southern market,and the demand for cotton fabrics in the north was mostly transferred from Jiangnan in addition to self-produced use.Since the Qing Dynasty,the commercialization of the cotton industry in Shandong Province has entered a period of rapid development.Family handicrafts,cotton traders,and rural specialization towns have gradually emerged.The Tubu with Shandong brand has begun to open markets outside the province,and Liaodong,Shanxi,and the capital have become the important place of consumption.The pattern of Nanbu Beiyun was basically broken.Shandong's cotton industry began to share the market with Jiangnan's cotton textiles,marking the development of commercial economy in Shandong.This article conducts research from four chapters.The first two chapters summarize the introduction of cotton and its development in the inland and the natural advantages of planting in Shandon,and a detailed review of the advantages of cotton planting in Shandong.The third chapter focuses on the analysis of status and changes of the cotton industry's economic development in various regions ofShandong during the Ming and Qing Dynasties from a vertical and horizontal perspective.From the middle of the Ming Dynasty to the middle of the Qing Dynasty,the cultivation of cotton in Shandong became more centralized and specialized.Cotton textiles gradually shifted from relying on other provinces to commercial sales of self-produced,self-selling,and export sales,and new commercialized economic characteristics emerged:town and economics with the teeth.The fourth chapter briefly compares the Shandong cotton industry and the Jiangnan cotton industry from the perspectives of market,craftsmanship,and towns,and reconstructs the important factors and meaning of the economic development of the Shandong cotton industry.The overall development of Shandong cotton industry is relatively late,and the development form also has very big limitations.Compared with the advanced cotton textile market in Jiangnan,there is still a big gap between them.In the end,the important factors and development significance of the economic development of Shandong cotton industry were reorganized.The laws and practical significance of commercialization of Shandong cotton industry in the Ming and Qing dynasties were attempted to be drawn.