Research On The Faith Of Shandong Guandi In The Ming And Qing Dynasties

Folk beliefs,rooted in traditional Chinese society,cover the forms and contents of spiritual beliefs,ancestor worship,natural worship and totem worship.Their emergence and development are closely related to the process of human civilization.China's God worship has a long history.It began at the dawn of civilization,and was endowed with new contents with the continuous evolution of history.This development process also reflects the changes of society.Folk beliefs with God worship as the core are an important part of discussing the development of human civilization.They are one of the hot research subjects in history,sociology,anthropology,folklore and so on.With the continuous evolution and development of human society,China's belief in gods has been given new content because of the need to constantly meet people's needs.In this situation,Emperor Guan was eventually shaped as a god of martial arts,which was widely respected by rulers and civil society.During the Ming and Qing Dynasties,the government incorporated the belief in Guandi into the national ideological ruling system and vigorously promoted it throughout the country.The belief in Guandi gradually reached its peak in the Ming and Qing Dynasties.Under the influence of imperial policy,immigration in Ming Dynasty,cultural dissemination,social mobility and other factors,Shandong area also experienced the process of Guan temple from fewer to more and then burning incense everywhere to worship Guan Emperor in Ming and Qing Dynasties.Taking the belief of Guandi in Shandong Province in Ming and Qing Dynasties as the breakthrough point,this paper explores the background of its rise,the status of building ancestral temples,the characteristics of sacrifice and the influence of Guandi belief on traditional folk society.The first part is about the belief of Emperor Guan before Ming Dynasty.This chapter focuses on the background of the rise of the belief in Emperor Guan before the Ming Dynasty and the situation of sacrifice.By reviewing the belief of Guandi in Shandong before Ming Dynasty,we can find that the belief of Guandi appeared earlier in Shandong,and Guandi Temple has existed since the Northern Song Dynasty,but it is not universal.The second part is about the general situation of Guandi belief in Shandong in Ming and Qing Dynasties.This chapter summarizes and analyses the status and causes of Guandi belief in eastern,central,western,southern and Northern Shandong by sorting out the temporal and spatial distribution,quantity,architectural characteristics and the forms of Guandi Temple in Shandong local chronicles.The third part is the background of the development of the belief of Emperor Guan in Shandong in Ming and Qing Dynasties.This paper mainly discusses the reasons for the growing prosperity of Guandi belief in Shandong Province from four aspects:official policy,the influence of Confucianism,Buddhism and Taoism,the dissemination of literary works and social and psychological needs.The fourth part,the influence of Guandi belief on Shandong folk society.By sorting out local chronicles,inscriptions,good books and other historical materials,this paper analyses the positive role of the belief of Emperor Guan in Shandong's culture,religion,military affairs and administrative management during the Ming and Qing Dynasties,and explores the influence of the worship and belief system of"Confucianism with literature" and "Emperor Wu-related" on Shandong's society during the Ming and Qing Dynasties.