The Administrative Division And Environmental Changing Of Shanhaiguan Region From Jiajing Period To Qianlong Period

Shanhaiguan is located under the jurisdiction of Qinhuangdao in Hebei province which is an important pass along the Great Wall in Ming Dynasty,with the reputation of "the greatest wall in the world".This region had always been threatened by the force of Mongolian and Jurchen until Ming Dynasty,so the government of Ming Dynasty built the fortifications such as the main gate,fort,side wall,enemy broadcasting station etc with the aim of building a border defense as strong as iron.But after the period of the alternation of the Ming and Qing Dynasties,Manchuria,Mongolia and other regions outside Shanhaiguan had been recovered controls,which made Shanhaiguan region changed from border to mainland and avoid the threat of the war for more than hundreds of years.Under the historical background of the changes of dynasties,the amalgamation of nationalities and the alternations of geographical relations,there are significant changes in the administrative division system,gateway function,social economic situation and living environment in Shanhaiguan from the Jiajing period in Ming Dynasty to the Qianlong period in Qing Dynasty.In this paper,I will reorganize the situation of the changes in Shanhaiguan region during this period from the above four points of view and try to figure out the receiving processes of the territory of the previous dynasty by Qing Dynasty through the changes in Shanhaiguan region to make contribution to the environment research during the period of the alternation of the Ming and Qing Dynasties.