Study On The Meaning Of Morpheme And Word Of The Advanced Associative Verbs In The Graded Chinese Syllables,Characters And Words For The Application Of Teaching Chinese To The Speakers Of Other Languages

The Graded Chinese Syllables,Characters and Words for the Application of Teaching Chinese to the Speakers of Other Languages is a national standard in textbook compilation,teaching and curriculum testing in the field of teaching Chinese as a second language.It classifies the vocabulary into three levels:universal,intermediate and advanced,and it contains 11092 words and phrases in total.Mainly according to the dictionary of Modern Chinese Dictionary(Version 7),we analyze 650 advanced associative verbs,merge those lexical meanings with the same morpheme meanings,and conclude that they contain 796 morphemes,987 morpheme meanings and 667 lexical meanings,then we study the semantic transparency of these verbs,and put forward to some concrete suggestions for teaching Chinese as a second language.Through analysis,it’s known that in 796 morphemes,the higher the frequency of a morpheme,the less the number of morphemes.Among the 987 morpheme meanings,the higher the frequency of a morpheme meaning,the number of morpheme meaning is generally smaller.In terms of the relationship between the form,sound and meaning of 796 morphemes,there are 4 types:monomorphic,monophonic and monosemous,monomorphic,monophonic and polysemous,monomorphic,polyphonic and polysemous,monomorphic,polyphonic and polysemous.Among the four types,the first two kinds have a large number of morphemes,the last one has the smallest number of morphemes,and the rest one has the number of morphemes between the other three.The semantic transparency is divided into four categories:completely transparent,rather transparent,quite obscure and completely obscure.Of the 667 meanings,as high as 63.87%of the semantic transparency is fully transparent.For those fully transparent meanings,they are divided into two types:the meaning of a word is the same as the morpheme meaning and the meaning of a word is the combination of morpheme meanings.And 32.38%of the meaning transparency is rather transparent.For those rather transparent meanings,according to the classification of implied contents of words by Fu Huaiqing,they are divided into five aspects to give the concrete analyzes and explanations.Only 23 words have a quite obscure semantic transparency,and 2 words completely obscure semantic transparency,accounting for a total of 3.75%of the total number of items.It can be seen that the number of transparent meanings is far greater than the number of obscure meanings,which is conducive to teaching Chinese as a second language.At the same time,the effects of different transparency on second language learners are different.By analyzing morpheme meaning and word meaning,some suggestions are put up with.In teaching Chinese as a second language,Chinese teachers should be good at making use of the correlation of morpheme’s morphic,phonic and semous in order to weave morpheme,morpheme meaning and lexical meaning into a large net by using the old knowledge.For verbs with transparent semantic transparency,Chinese teachers can generally adopt the teaching method of "morpheme-word",but pay attention to the teaching of polysemes and homomorphic morphemes.For the rather transparent word,they may also adopt the semantic-collocation method.Chinese teachers can use concentrated explanation,contextual teaching and cultural teaching for the verbs whose semantic transparency is obscure.Whether it’s a transparent verb or an obscure verb,it is necessary to have the extended practice and reading training after class.For the second language learners,they should be good at using the morpheme meaning to understand and predict the word meaning,using association and imagination,and guessing the meaning of words in the specific context.In addition,they should pay attention to the accumulation of morpheme and morpheme meanings at ordinary times.