Research Of Dialect Vocabulary On Xiong’s Contract Documents In Tianmen,Hubei Province

This article makes exhaustive collection,collation and classification of dialect vocabulary on Xiong’s Contract Documents in Tianmen,Hubei Province,and focuses on the interpretation of difficult dialect words.The dialect words used in this corpus are divided into five categories:contract name,house building name,currency name,appellation,and other dialects.There are sixteen dialect words of the contract name,including Yongmaiyue(永卖约)Damaiyue(大卖约)Guiyue(归约)Guizi(归字)Famaiyue(发卖约)Zhizi(质字)Zhiyue(质约)Qishenjuanpuyue(起神卷铺约)Qishenjuanpuzi(起神卷铺字)Qishenjuanpujiushizi(起神卷铺酒食字)Xiabianzi(下匾字)Xiabianrunbizi(下匾润笔字)Lingzi(领字)Renzi(认字)Kezi(稞字)Kequan(稞券).The dialect names of the contract for buying and selling contract are Yongmaiyue(永卖约 Damaiyue(大卖约 Guiyue(归约 Guizi(归字)Famaiyue(发卖约)Zhizi(质字)Zhiyue(质约).The dialect names of the Compensation contract are ishenjuanpuyue(起神卷铺约)Qishenjuanpuzi(起神卷铺字)Qishenjuanpujiushizi(起神卷铺酒食字)Xiabianzi(下匾字)Xiabianrunbiz(下匾润笔字).The dialect names of the the lease contract are Lingzi(领字)Renzi(认字)Kezi(稞字)Kequan(稞券).The article focuses on the examination of Yongmaiyue(永卖约)Damaiyue(大卖约),and the name of the Compensation contract.And it also focuses on the use of varia lectio and relevant historical documents for verification.The dialect words of building construction includes two categories:the name of the house and the name of the component.Among the names of the housing dialects,there are five names named Feniao(粪窖)Juanpeng(卷棚)Juansha(卷厦)Xiangting(厢亭)and Wagoulou(瓦钩楼)according to the form system;There are seven names named Piansha(偏厦)/Bianshu(扁耍)Tuoyan(拖檐)Siyan(司檐)Weifang(围房)Weiwu(围屋)Houfang(后房)and Houwu(后屋)according to the location of the space.There are ten names named Fangtang(房堂)Duiting(对厅)Kangchuang(炕床)Zhaifang(宅房)Dianwu(典屋)Dianfang(典房)Puwu(铺屋)Pufang(铺房)Hangwu(行屋)and Caoang(槽房)according to the function.Among the names of the component dialects,there are twelve "walls":Jianbi(间壁)Gubi/gupi/gupi(鼓壁/鼓皮/古皮)Huayanq(花眼墙)Mianqiang(面墙)Zuoqiang/zuoqiang(坐墙/左墙)and so on;There are ten "doors":Caomen(槽门)Duanmen(端门)Duilou(对楼)Shanyou(山牖)and so on;There are sixteen other components,such as Dialou(吊楼)Mengu(门鼓)Pingsang(平磉)pingpan(平磐)Tianjian(天)Zhuanlou(转楼);The article focuses on the examination of Juansha(卷厦)Duanmen(端门)Gubi/gupi/gup(鼓壁/鼓皮/古皮)Zhanban(站板)Fengzhang(风账)Guaqiang(挂墙)Jinqiang/Jinqiang/jingqiang/jingqiang(金墙/襟墙/经墙/径墙)Tianjian(天笕)Liujian(溜笕)Mujian(木笕),and so on.There are eleven dialect words of the currency name,such as Shengping(省平)Jingping(京平)Kouping(口平)Yuekouping(岳口平)Zaoping(皂平)Dianping(典平)Daqian(大钱)Qingqian(清钱)Dianqian(典钱)Qiqian(祁钱),and Jiujiuqian(九九钱).Among them,Shengping(省平)means the general level of a province;Jingping(京平)Kouping(口平)Yuekouping(岳口平)Zaoping(皂平)are both Shiping(市平),which refers to the general code of Beijing,Hankou,Yuekou,and Zaoshi.Daqian(大钱)Qingqian(清钱)Dianqian(典钱)refer to money strings that are all cast by the government.Qiqian(祁钱)is suspected to be a coin that passes through the county of Shanxi.There are fourteen dialect words of the appellation,including Die(爹)Yaodie(幺爹)Shudie(叔爹)Taiyinshu(太姻叔)Ye(爷)Boye(伯爷)Jiuye(舅爷)Yaoye(幺爷)Guzun(姑尊)Yizun(姨尊)Xinye(新爷)Xindie(新爹)Shoushi(首士)Xianggong(相公).Among them,Die(爹)Yaodie(幺爹)Shudie(叔爹)and Taiyinshu(太姻叔)are both local folks’ appellations of relatives of their ancestors;Ye(爷)Boye(伯爷)Jiuye(舅爷)Guzun(姑尊)and Yizun(姨尊)are all local folks’ appellations of relatives of their parents;Xinye(新爷)refers to the Jiansheng(监生)who have received donations;Xindie(新爹)is suspected to be adoptive grandfather;Shoushi(首士)is the consul in the clan ancestral hall;Xianggong(相公)is a respectable title for those who are nostalgic or have a higher status.Other types of dialect words include field items,money items,quantifiers,and behavioral verbs.Among them,there are five field items named Yuantian(垸田)Jitian(基田)Taitian(台田)and Yanjinzuotian(堰笕作田)Yanzuotian(堰作田);There are thirteen money items,including Bangchaiqian(帮差钱)Dingtou(顶头)Dingtouqian(顶头钱)Dingli(顶礼)Dingliqian(顶礼钱)Dingjia(顶价)Lingjia(领价)lingqian(领钱)Shangzhuangyang(上庄洋)Dongdaoqian(东道钱)Dongdao(东道)Dongqian(东钱)and Xiaoliqian(小礼钱);There are two quantifiers,including Xing(形)and Pi(匹);There are six verbs,including Shibi(势逼)Zucai(阻踩)Guanjiu(灌救)Jianjiao(拣交)Taisuan(抬算)and Zubi(阻闭).The text focuses on the examination of money items,and combines relevant historical documents to verify.From the point of view of word formation,most of dialect vocabularies are Pianzhengshi(偏正式)and combined structure;From the perspective of time distribution,they are closely related to national policies,such as currency names and contract names are mainly concentrated in the Qing Dynasty;From the pragmatic effect point of view,some dialect words can make language expressions more concrete and visual.In addition,these dialect words are often listed in parallel with the colloquial words,and are often four words when they are listed,and it makes the language of contract documents more beautiful.