The Research On Training Model Of Intangible Cultural Heritage From The Theory Of Need Hierarchy Angle Of View

Intangible cultural heritage(ICH)is the cultural gene and identity of the nationality.As a great cultural project of China in the 21 st century,the ICH protection has been promoted to the height of a national policy.In 2015,the ministry of culture in combination with the ministry of education and ministry of finance,launched the “Research and study training program of Chinese intangible cultural heritage inheritors”.This program,starting with the traditional craft ICH projects that are closest to the productive protection,focuses on projects which have wide coverage surface and quantity and contribute to increasing income and overcoming poverty.In accordance with the three levels “research,study,training”,this program aims to provide ICH inheritors who are in different inheritance levels with support of college academic and teaching resources.By learning professional knowledge,researching skills and technology,and holding multiple forms of research and practice workshops,it helps ICH projects inheritors,like ICH holders and practitioners,to “enhance foundation,widen horizons and increase knowledge” and raises their cultural confidence and the ability of sustainable development,which,on the basis of inheriting the tradition,can help them to inherit for nationality and create for life.At the same time,this program is aimed at promoting the relevant universities to strengthen their Chinese excellent traditional culture education and ensure them to better play the function of cultural inheritance and innovation,which serves the local economic and social development.In 2017,the research and training program has even become an important part of the national traditional craft revitalization plan,which has received special attention from the government,society and academia.By the end of 2017,as one of the 78 schools that participate in this research and training program,Shandong College of Arts has trained ten sessions of a total of 554 ICH inheritors,covering more than 10 projects,such as paper-cut,grass-wicker,dough-modeling,mud-modeling,peach pit-carving,wood-carving,colored-glaze-firing,kite-making and so on.As a result,the implementation of this program has achieved fruitful effect and,on the other hand,helped the school gather various training experience.Although the research and training program has achieved obvious results,for the time being at least,it is still at the exploratory stage.In the implementation of training,the author found that the ICH inheritors had differences in aims,demands and training feedbacks during the program because of their respective subject,age,education background,skill and income level.This reflects the pertinence problems existing in current training mode.Therefore,how to diminish the existing drawbacks and which training mode should be chosen to achieve better results are two practical problems that the government and academia must confront.In the grand scheme of things,Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs and ICH training activities have intrinsic compatibility.This paper attempts to reconstruct the current ICH training model from the perspective of hierarchy of needs theory.From physiology,safety,love and belonging,respect,self-realization and self-beyond,this paper uses techniques,like field investigation,survey questionnaire,summary,statistical analysis,to analyze the current situation and dilemma of ICH inheritors training practice and discuss several methods to solve existing problems.In addition to the introduction and conclusion,the text of this paper is divided into three parts.1st Chapter,The connotation and relevance of hierarchy of needs theory and ICH training.The first section in this chapter,firstly discusses the precious value of history and reality of intangible cultural heritage and focuses on analyzing the unique value of traditional craft ICH.Moreover,this section teases out the development vein of the causes of ICH protection in our country,as well as a brief introduction of the ICH training in Shandong College of Arts.Finally,based on the survey questionnaire,the demands and training results of inheritors and the main dilemma of current training mode are put forward.The second section expounds the connotation and extension of the hierarchy of needs theory,including the basic viewpoints and methods of it and the wide application and limitation of this theory when applied in various fields.In the third section,that the feasibility of the application of the hierarchy of needs theory to the ICH training is derived from the intrinsic compatibility of the two,such as the consistent human-based kernel,hierarchy and incentive principle,is discussed.2nd Chapter,The theoretical ICH training model based on the hierarchy of needs theory.This chapter is the core of the paper.The first section systemically analyzes the corresponding relation of various dimensions of the hierarchy of needs theory and ICH training,and establishes the foundation of the theoretical ICH training model.The second section generally expounds the basic nature of "training" behavior and the inherent characteristics of "mode".In addition,on the basis of the first two sections,the third section of this chapter builds a theoretical ICH training model.3rd Chapter,Comparison and application of the hierarchy of needs theory model and the current ICH training mode.This chapter is the key content of the full text.The first section,using the new theoretical ICH training model,starting from the constituent elements of the training,combined with the working practice,analyze the advantages and shortcomings of the current ICH training.Furthermore,summary and reflection of the current ICH training mode,as well as some suggestions,are involved in the second section.Last but not least,the third section,under the principle of demand satisfaction,explores and foresees the effects of ICH training practice.