From Powell To Marx: The Logic Of The "Realistic Individual" Criticism

At the beginning of the 19 th century,the outbreak of the French revolution and the infiltration of communist ideas brought together the political and economic hub of Rhineland with the ideas of various countries.With the development of the capitalist society,the inequality of political and economic development has intensified,and the capitalists have made their surplus value.Maximizing,ignoring the labor of the lower classes,constantly extracting the labor of the proletarians.The long-running social contradictions and religious critical ideology have become increasingly extreme,transforming people's values,from God to people to money.The religious critical thoughts represented by Powell,Feuerbach and Stinner began to appear.In the course of exploring the “essence of man”,Powell dismissed the existence of God and believed that man's actions and actions were caused by people.Self-awareness,using man's self-consciousness as a weapon to criticize religion,changed Hegel's idea of absoluteness.He asserted that man's self-consciousness is limitless and self-consciousness is the core force that supports the development of the entire world.In Feuerbach's view,religion is a reflection of the nature of man and an existence that achieves the supreme nature of man.Feuerbach advocates abstract love but this view does not apply to the background of development at that time.During the bourgeois revolution,this kind of abstract love was not recognized by anyone,nor did it have any practical significance.The young Hegelians believe that "religion cannot achieve the supreme nature of man.Religion is the hindrance to the unlimited development of man's freedom,and the root cause of Germany's decline is religion." The opposition of the Hegelians to the religious doctrine inspired a There was a huge critical religious movement,but Stinner tried to use his "sole" to speculatively dispel religion,thereby establishing "I" above everything else.In Marx's view,Stinner's so-called "nothingness" is merely a product of detachment from the outside world,allowing freedom of imagination to ride,and is weak.Hess was among the earliest German intellectuals who preached socialism.Their socialist theory is the embryonic form of today's socialist society.Hess advocated social freedom and equality in Hess' s ideology and theory,opposed the existence of private ownership,and advocated that people perform their labor freely according to their own will,instead of passive labor under the framework of private ownership,and led Marx to contact with Feuerbach.Based on the humanistic philosophical thought,Marx puts forward the "realistic" theory on the basis of Hess' elimination of the theory of private ownership and further perfecting and innovating his own theories against Powell,Feuerbach,and Stirner's critical flaws in religion and people and their capital."Individual" thinking can not only serve as the foundation of materialism,but also promote the development of society and more closely link the relationship between personal development and social development.