| In the first half of the 20 th century,China's political system changed significantly,that is from the traditional dynasty's political system to the modern one.After experiencing the transition of the warlord regime in the early years of the Republic of China,the Kuomintang established the first “party-governance” regime and the new party state system began to emerge.Since then,China entered the era of “party governance,” and local politics had changed dramatically with it.The study of the history of traditional revolutions in the past had provided a clearer view of the local revolutionary history of the CCP,but had paid less attention to local party organizations of the KMT,especially grass-roots organizations.This made it difficult for us to see clearly the influence of the Kuomintang's "party governance" on the grassroots society and to fully understand the development course of the local society.Based on the analysis of the local political practice of the party department of Pingyang County from 1926 to 1937,this study tries to explore some characteristics of the development of the Party administration at the grass-roots level of the Kuomintang,thus providing some references for us to understand the historical changes of modern China.Pingyang was located at the junction of the two provinces of Zhejiang and Fujian.The landform was complex and there were many dialects.It was known as "intractable." After the political reform in the early days of the Republic of China,the local political and social situation became more complicated.When the Kuomintang set up the Party Department in Pingyang,the presiding officers had to rely on local schools,churches,parliaments and other social elements.Among them,the gentry who grasped the local education resources were the most important objects used by the Party Department.The school principal frequently became the responsible person of the basic party department,and the proportion of the primary school teachers and party members was far higher than the average level of the whole province.The Pingyang County Party Department,which was mainly composed of local youth teachers,still had a strong voice when its power was weakened because of the KMT's purge and reorganization.After the Party-clearing Movement,in order to rebuild local order,and improve the authority of the party's department,the Pingyang County Party Department first relied on local forces to rectify and reorganize the Party's affairs,and thensuccessively “punished local tyrants and inferior gentry” and “reduced rents and cut interest rates” in various districts.Such political practices had,to a certain extent,hit Wu Xingyu and Huang Shouqian and other local “despotic gentry”,reduced the burden on farmers,and were conducive to the continued implementation of "party governance".However,in the political structure of the KMT's “parallel of party and government”,Pingyang County's political practice had been affected by the original power network and took on a leisurely state.Party,government and gentry had not shown any signs of death.Because of this,it was difficult for the Pingyang County Party Department to realize its original intention of “improving party power”.In addition,the Pingyang County Party Department was also committed to reconstructing the new local order by rebuilding peasant associations and carrying out rent and interest reduction.However,in terms of effect,the Party Department had not achieved its original intention,and the county peasant associations had been forced to disband because they were pushed out by local tyrants and gentry.This dilemma vividly represents the miniature of the practical difficulties of the Kuomintang's "ruling by the Party" from 1926 to 1937.To some extent,the grassroots appearance of the Kuomintang's failure began to appear at that time. |
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