Research On Zhang Shizhao's View Of Culture (1902-1927)

The historical development in modern China is bumpy and winding.A large number of intellectuals have been seeking to absorb new learning to update the Chinese civilization with concern for the fate of the nation.After receiving the failure of revolution from objects to the political system,numerous intellectuals focused their attention on the revolution of the ideological and cultural aspects.Since the early twentieth century,with the turbulent international situation,the old country was faced with predicament of regime change in the last feudal dynasty,the repeated battle of the republic and the imperial system,the heated discussion of old and new thought,the conflicts between Chinese and western culture,as well as swift and violent revolution.On this historical background,Zhang Shizhao's view of culture formed and evolved.The author does a research about Zhang Shizhao's view of culture(1902-1927),making the full use of combination of history and discussion by reading lots of related literature,mainly including Zhang Shizhao's own collection of essays,published articles,established periodicals and the speeches.On the basis of deep mining Zhang Shizhao's view of culture in different time,this paper is trying to induce distinctive features and combine complex process of its development,parse its reason from the radical to the moderate,and finally to the conservative.It is based on the time conditions and ideological origins of the formation of Zhang Shizhao's view of culture.The author has introduced Zhang Shizhao's rich experience in life,the background of the times and some of the cultural activities which he engaged in.The thought sources of Zhang Shizhao's view of culture(1902-1927)basically origin from the influence of Chinese traditional culture,Hu Xiang regional culture and the enlightenment of modern western culture.To declare the political speech,he actively created the political writing style of "JiaYin",payed attention to education career and talent cultivation and studied logic in his late years,all this series of cultural events affect the development of his view of culture.Zhang Shizhao's view of culture circles around the reform of China's politics.He has always stuck to the traditional Chinese culture,in the early years,holding a critical attitude with ethical criticism of slave mentality of traditional feudal by advocating national personality consciousness,but also set off a moral revolution.After accepting the western civilization,Zhang Shizhao hoped for transplanting the western democratic politics in China,in order to achieve the political transition of the society,but failed.With the experience of visiting Europe for many times,and the developments of the situation at home and abroad,Zhang Shizhao believed that Chinese culture is superior to western culture after the contrast between Chinese and western culture.His thought gradually turns conservative,and became thoroughly representative of restoring ancient ways.His view of culture advocates national personality,saving country with knowledge;drawing lessons from western philosophy,reconciling the old and new culture;abandoning the inseparability and promoting writings in classical style,putting forward a saving scheme of agricultural state.Zhang Shizhao never abandoned the national culture,but examined it in the overall framework of the global survey and was enlightened that it was a must to explore and inherit the value of indigenous culture.Zhang Shizhao's view of culture(1902-1927)mentions the concept of "old and new harmony theory" and "agricultural nation",both of them are the integration of merging Chinese and western culture,its formation reflects the hardships that the people with lofty ideals of the republic of China were seeking a good case for national salvation.