The Development And Prevention And Control:the Battle Between Heaven And Earth Society And The Government In The Middle Of Qing Dvnastv(1761-1840)

A close relationship did exist between the efficiency of governmental suppression and the status of Heaven and Earth Society's developing.The anti-qing political tendency intensified Heaven and Earth Society's risk of confrontation with the government,and also allowed them to obtain the "orthodox" identity in the han society.The essence of these political packages is to maximize economic benefits.Its loose organizational system is conducive to communication,but it also makes Heaven and Earth Society separate and separate.Before Lin Shuangwen uprising,it was not active for local social controlling system to cooperate with Qing administration to solve the problem of Heaven and Earth Society.Therefore,It seemed that the practical efficiency of suppressing Heaven and Earth Society was for remote from the effect it should have.After Lin Shuangwen uprising,Heaven and Earth Society defended Qing government publicly.whereas there was still a contradiction between the efficiency in civil society and the loyalty of Qing authorities in local social controlling system.For local officials,it is very difficult to handle gang case which relating to the soldiers and chief,not only because the soldiers can report to others at any time during the process of handling the case,but also because they are punished for oversight when such cases are reported,which makes them roll with the punches.In this process,both the propagation of Heaven and Earth Society and the prevention and control of the Qing government have taken advantage of the geographical conflict of ancestral home in the immigrant society.