A Study On The Phonetic Notes Of Xu Xuan For Shuowenjiezi

Shuowen Jiezi,short for Shuowen,is written by Xu Shen,a primary school writer in the Eastern Han Dynasty.It is the first part of the Chinese character book which analyses the shape of Chinese characters and investigates the source of Chinese characters.In the early Song Dynasty,Xu Xuan("Da Xu"for short)and Gou Zhongzheng were ordered to revise Shuowen by comparing with all of other editions,which had been resulted in Xu Xuan's Shuowen Jiezi(also known as Da Xu's Shuowen Jiezi)used to this day.Xu Xuan and others have made many inventions by adding Fanqie ideas to their predecessors.Xu Xuan's Shuowen has very high academic value in characters,phonology,exegesis and other disciplines.This topic is mainly about phonology.This paper chose the edition engraved by Chen Changzhi in the Qing Dynasty as the base,comparing with other four editions,and established Xu Xuan's phonetic annotations material database.In the process of research,we use the methods of contra-contrastive comparison,contra-contrastive word analysis,literature research and mathematical statistics to analyze the phonetic characteristics of Xu Xuan's Shuowen,and investigate the pronunciation of polyphonic characters in it,in order to objectively and accurately reflect the actual pronunciation situation of Xu Xuan's era,and provide a reference for the study of polyphonic characters in the early Song Dynasty in the history of Chinese phonetics.This paper consists of five chapters:The first chapter is an introduction.This paper mainly introduces Xu Xuan's life and writings,the research status of Xu Xuan's Shuowen(focusing on phonology),and the research methods of this topic.The second chapter is edition and collation.According to the order of time,the edition of Shuowen Jiezi is sorted out.We chose the"one seal,one line"photocopy engraved by Chen Changzhi in the Qing Dynasty as the base,comparing with Jingjiatang edition,Jiguge edition,Fujiwa Xie edition and official edition of Shuowen(abbreviation and engraved edition)collected by the library of WasedaUniversity of Japan.Then we made a brief explanations.According to the investigation,the content,methods and regulations of phonetic annotation of Xu Xuan's Shuowen are summarized.The third chapter is the analysis of the phonetic features of Xu Xuan's phonetic system.This chapter discusses the initial consonant system and the vowel system.In the aspect of initial consonant system:heavy lip sound and light lip sound have divided,Fei(?)and Fu(?)are mixed.Tongue sounds:Duan(?)and Zhi(?)have divided,Tou(?)and Che(?)have divided,Ding(?)and Cheng(?)have divided,Ni(?)and Niang(?)are mixed.Tooth sound:Jing(?),Zhuang(?)and Zhang(?)have divided,Chuan(?)and Shan(?)are mixed.Tooth sound and guttural are separated.Voiced clearing has just begun.The aspect of the vowel sound system is mainly based on the analysis of the rhyme-mixed situation.Details are as follows:Tong classical rhyme unit:First-class Dong(?)and Dong(?)rime series are mixed,Among the Third-class Dong(?)and Zhong(?)rime series,Wu(?)and Zhu(?)are mixed.Zhi classical rhyme unit:Zhi(?),Zhi(?)and Zhi(?)rime series are mixed,Wei(?)rime series is independent;Yu classical rhyme unit:The three rime series Yu(?),Yu(?)and Mo(?)are dependent;Xie classical rhyme unit:Tai(?)and dai(?)��First-class repeating rime,are mixed,rime Dui(?)is independent;.Guai(?)and Guai(?)��second-class repeating rime are dependent,rime Jia(?)and Jie(?)are mixed,rime Xie(?),Gua(?),Hai(?)and Guai(?)are dependent,Third-class repeating rime Ji(?)and Fei(?)are dependent;Zhen classical rhyme unit:Third-class repeating syllable rime series Zhen(?????)and Zhen(?)are dependent,Joint Zhen(??)and Zhun(?)are mixed,Third-class repeating syllable rime Zhen(?????)and Xin(?)are mixed;Shan classical rhyme unit:Second-class repeating rime series Shan(?)and Shan(?)are mixed,Third-class repeating rime series Yuan(?)and Xian(?)are dependent,rime series Xian(?)and Xian(?)are mixed;Xiao classical rhyme unit:Fourth-class repeating syllable rime Xiao(?????)and Xiao(?)of fourth-class are mixed;Guo classical rhyme unit:Rime series of Ge(?)and Ge(?)are dependent;Ma classical rhyme unit:Rime Ma(?),Ma(?)and Ma(?)are dependent;Dang classical rhyme unit:Rime-series Yang(?)and Tang(?)are dependent;Geng classical rhyme unit:Second-class rime series Geng(??)and rime series Geng(?)are mixed,Third-class rime-series Geng(??)and rime series Qing(?)are dependent;Zeng classical rhyme unit:Rime-series Zheng(?)and Deng(?)are dependent;Liu classical rhyme unit:Rime-series You(?)and You(?)are dependent;Shen classical rhyme unit:The falling-rising tone rime Qin(?)and the falling tone Qin(?)sometimes have mixed.Xian classical rhyme unit:First-class repeating rimeTan(?)and Tan(?),are mixed,second-class repeating rime Xian(?)and Xian(?),are mixed,third-class repeating rime Yan(?)and Fan(?),are dependent.The fourth chapter is the study of the regular pronunciation of polyphonic characters in Xu Xuan's Shuowen Jiezi.After comparing Xu Xuan's phonetic annotation materials of Shuowen with Gangyun,we can conclude that there are two or more pronunciations for many Fanqie words.To investigate the regular pronunciation of these polysyllabic characters,our work mainly includes three steps:the first step is to simply expound the concept of polysyllabic characters' regular pronunciation and various methods of inspecting polysyllabic characters' regular pronunciation;the second step is to explain through these methods which polysyllabic characters'regular pronunciation in Xu Xuan's Shuowen can be tested and listed;the third step is to explain the polysyllabic characters in Xu Xuan's Shuowen.The situation that the regular pronunciation is temporarily unavailable is recorded for the future.The fifth chapter is the conclusion.It makes a simple summary of the situation of this paper,and also explains the innovation and shortcomings of the research.The innovation of this paper lies mainly in material treatment and research methods.The conclusions drawn in this paper are different from those of previous studies.However,there are still some shortcomings in this paper,mainly because it is difficult for us to collect more editions of Xu Xuan's Shuowen for collation,only to select five representative editions,which are not comprehensive enough in the edition collection;secondly,the sound and rime system of Xu Xuan's Shuowen is not thorough enough.These are the shortcomings of this paper,We will continue to collect more materials in the follow-up work and continue to improve this research.