Research Of The Word Coinage Newly Increased In The Modern Chinese Dictionary (7th)

The study of word-formation mostly focuses on the basic vocabulary,and explores the way of derivation of vocabulary from a diachronic perspective,while the study of word-formation of new words is less.The study of dictionaries mostly focuses on the mode of interpretation and the compilation of dictionaries,but seldom focuses on the study of new words with dictionaries as the object and reference.Although neologisms have been a hot topic in academic research in recent years,there is no objective and unified criterion for defining the time range of neologisms.The study of new words added in dictionaries solves the problem of defining neologisms.At the same time,only standardized words,which conform to the rules of Chinese word-building and are widely used by people,and relatively stable words can be compiled into the Modern Chinese Dictionary,which endows the new words with the characteristics of "stability".It is meaningful to explore which method of word-formation can create more stable words.It can provide a reference for the prediction and standardization of new words.In the study of new words,linguistics should stay at the level of passive analysis and participate more in the dynamic development of new words.After a comprehensive comparison of the similarities and differences between the 6th and 7th editions of Modern Chinese Dictionary,this part of corpus is finally selected for the study.The new words in the 7th edition of Modern Chinese Dictionary(hereinafter referred to as Modern Chinese)are studied by means of comparative analysis,data statistics and descriptive analysis.However,for words with addition,subtraction and modification in their meanings,it is not within the scope of this paper.The research was carried out.The second chapter of this paper is a shallow overall description of the new words,describing the new words from the source,form and type.The third and fourth chapters are the main contents of this paper.The new words are analyzed from the perspective of word-building,and the word-building method is discussed in depth with the relevant contents of cognitive linguistics.Chapter three divides the word-building methods of new words into six categories: explanatory method,rhetoric method,extension method,disyllabic method,abbreviation method and imitation method.According to the different characteristics of word-building in each part,the words under the explanatory method are divided into fulcrum words and common morpheme words according to the universality of morpheme meaning;the words under the rhetoric method are divided into figurative word-building and metonymic word-building according to the difference of rhetoric methods;the words under the extended method are divided into related and descriptive elements according to the difference of the extended elements.Words under phonetics can be divided into the same monosyllabic word(morpheme)combination and the different monosyllabic word(morpheme)combination according to the similarity of the components of the word(morpheme);words under abbreviation can be divided into the whole abbreviation and part abbreviation according to the corresponding situation of the original form and abbreviation;two words involved in the last part of phonetic imitation belong to the same type,that is,imitating the sound of foreign languages."Pronunciation and Word-building" therefore,there is no further division.In the fourth chapter,the cognitive reasons behind word formation are analyzed in depth.After briefly introducing the terms of cognitive linguistics in the first section,there are three sections to explain the relationship between metaphor,image schema and conceptual synthesis.We find that the relationship between word-formation and cognitive factors is not one-to-one correspondence.There are many cognitive factors affecting a word-formation,and one cognitive factor can also affect a variety of word-formation.The cognitive factors involved in this paper have the most direct impact on word-formation,but the cognitive factors after each word-formation are not only one or two mentioned in this paper.We find that there are 333 new words in Modern Chinese,among which 180 words are created by illustrative method,accounting for 54.2% of the total new words;the second is rhetoric,accounting for 23.8% of the total new words;29 words by disyllabic method,accounting for 8.7% of the total words;24 words by extensionmethod,accounting for 7.2% of the total words;16 words by abbreviation,accounting for 4.8% of the total words;and the second is phonetic method,accounting for 23.8% of the total new words.Two words,accounting for 0.6% of the total.Besides,the two words of "Internet +" and "Tucao" are discussed separately in the remaining theories because of their special characteristics.In the analysis of the disyllabic method and the characteristics of new words,the author puts forward the view that the disyllabic method should be replaced by the syllabic method.When discussing the words under the extension method,it is found that the meaning of "spare tire" should be separated.From the above data,we can see that illustration and rhetoric are the two most frequently used word-building methods,creating nearly 80% of new words.In the analysis of cognitive factors affecting word-formation,it is found that not only words(morphemes),but also parts of Chinese characters have significant implications for the establishment of image schema of disyllabic words.At the same time,we also find that image schema dominates most word-formation methods.Generally speaking,most of the newly added words in Modern Chinese Dictionary are relatively clear in terms of word-building methods.This paper analyses one by one the words that are difficult to classify or differ from the word-building methods after classifying,and puts forward some suggestions on the revision of the relevant entries.