A Study Of American Garrison Policy Towards South Korea(1948-1961)

South Korea is an important ally of the United States in Northeast Asia.Especially after the signing of the Common Defense Treaty between the United States and South Korea in 1953,South Korea has become a key link in the defense system of the United States in the Western Pacific.As one of the most important allies of the United States in East Asia,the post-war U.S.military policy toward South Korea is an important part of U.S.policy toward South Korea.Based on the policy background of Truman Administration and Eisenhower Administration,this paper studies the formation stage of the U.S.garrison policy from the establishment of Korea in 1948 to the end of Eisenhower Administration in 1961.This text is divided into three parts.The first part reviews the formation and adjustment of the U.S.military policy toward South Korea during the Truman Administration.After the end of World War II,the Korean Peninsula became divided.Based on the value discussion of South Korea's strategy in East Asia,the US military and the State Council formed a contractive garrison policy.After the outbreak of the Korean War,the United States returned to the Korean Peninsula and fell deeply into it.During this period,the repeated U.S.military policy toward South Korea exposed the ambivalent mentality of U.S.decision-makers who neither wanted to participate excessively in South Korea nor could not easily give up.Faced with the "threat" posed by increasingly powerful China,the U.S.government is no longer able to continue the U.S.withdrawal policy.The second part mainly discusses the adjustment of the U.S.military policy toward South Korea during the first Eisenhower Administration.After the Korean War,the United States and South Korea formed an alliance through the conclusion of the "Common Defense Treaty".The US troops stationed in South Korea gained the legitimate right to stay and use Korean military bases for a long time.South Korea's position in the US Asian strategy has been upgraded and gradually incorporated into the US treaty system in East Asia.The US garrison policy towards South Korea has also tended to be stable and complete.With the stabilization of the US-ROK alliance,the United States gradually realized that its garrison policy was not carried out smoothly.The Syngman Rhee government took advantage of its anti-Communist nature and the fragility of power as a chip to win US aid.With the assistance of the United States,South Korea has become a truly "militarized" country.The "security dilemma" created by Syngman Rhee's regime when facing the threat from North Korea has become an uncontrollable factor in the US-ROK relations.In the process of implementing the garrison policy towards South Korea,the United States often fallsinto a passive position.The third part discusses the adjustment and perfection of the U.S.military policy toward South Korea during the second Eisenhower Administration.At this stage,the modernization of US and ROK troops,the deployment of nuclear weapons by US troops in Korea and disarmament issues are intertwined,which has become an important part of the readjustment of US policy towards ROK garrison.During this period,the U.S.garrison policy toward Korea gradually formed a system,and achieved considerable results,which has far-reaching significance for the continuation of the U.S.-ROK alliance.However,the collapse of Syngman Rhee's regime in the student revolution also shows that the Eisenhower government neglected the social development and democratic construction of Korea in the implementation of garrison policy,which led to the directional adjustment of Korean policy.