A Comparative Study On The English Translation Of Culture-loaded Terms In Lu Hsun's Novel Na Han From The Perspective Of Appraisal Theory

Now translating Chinese literature has become one of the methods to boost Chinese culture “to go out”.Due to the living surroundings,each ethnic group has deposited its unique features of culture in the course of history.Lu Hsun's novel Na Han was written during the May Fourth Movement,which contains a large number of culture-loaded words reflecting the cultural features of that time.Chinese culture is vastly different from western culture,which is clearly reflected in culture-loaded terms in Lu Hsun's novel Na Han.Meanwhile,as one of the greatest extension of Systemic Functional Linguistics,Appraisal Theory is directing at a systematic path.So far there have been rare studies about Appraisal Theory applied to analyze the translation of culture-loaded terms.The English versions of Na Han translated by Yang Xianyi,William A.Lyell and Julia Lovell are the three classic translations of Lu Hsun's novel.Based on the Parallel Corpus of Na Han built by Shaoxing University,the researcher classifies the appraisal resources in culture-loaded terms of the source text.The three sub-divisions,namely attitude,engagement and graduation,in Appraisal Theory are used to analyze and compare the realization of the appraisal resources of the culture-loaded terms in the three translations based on the discourse analysis.The findings of this study are as follows:(1)The appraisal resources are abundant,among which the Attitude resources take over the leading position,accompanied by Gradation the second and Engagement the last.In addition,the proportion of the Judgement resources is higher than that in the sub-systems of the Attitude system.Besides,the positive appraisal resources are slightly more than the negative ones in the amount of Attitude resources.(2)With regard to the realization of appraisal meanings of the three translations,Lyell achieves the most equivalence of the appraisal meanings,Yang the next and Lovell the last.(3)Regarding the fulfillment of the appraisal resources in each category of the culture-loaded terms,among the three translations,Yang realizes most appraisal resources in the ecological culture-loaded terms and material culture-loaded terms,followed by Lyell and Lovell in sequence.Then,the appraisal resources in linguistic culture-loaded terms andsocial culture-loaded terms are fully complete in Lyell's translation.Lovell realizes the most equivalence of the source text in religious culture-loaded terms.