A Preliminary Research On The Governance Of Kulun's Minister Yanzhi In The Qing Dynasty

Kulun(now Ulaanbaatar)is also known as "Dakulun" and Mongolian means "big temple".Founded in twenty-three years of Qianlong(1758).Due to Zhebuzundanba's presence in Tin,it gradually developed into a religious center and was also the largest city and business center in the Mobei region.Kulun is an important strategic place for the Qing government to rule in northern Mongolia,and is also an important political and economic base in the northern border of the Qing Dynasty.Its strategic position is crucial to maintaining the stability of the northern frontier.In order to facilitate the rule of the Mobei region,in the twenty-sixth year of Qianlong(1761),the Qing Dynasty set up the post of Kulun Minister in the territory of the Tushetuhan Ministry.The full name was the Minister of the Imperial Government of Kulun,representing the Qing Dynasty in the management of Khalkha Mongolia.The relevant affairs of the Zhebuzundanbahutuketu,the Chechen Khan Department,and the Khun Khan Department,He also manages affairs along the border,trade,and negotiations with Russia.At the end of the Qing Dynasty,internal and external troubles intensified,the rule of the Qing Dynasty was shaken,and the border crisis was further aggravated.The Qing court hopes to use the implementation of the New Deal to ease the crisis of rule and gradually implement the New Deal from the Mainland to the border areas.On the occasion of thegradual implementation of the New Deal,during the 30 years of Guangxu(1904),the British forces invaded Tibet for the second time.In mid-June of that year,the 13 th Dalai Lama left Tibet and went to Kulun.After learning of the news,the Qing court urgently sent a new Minister of Xining,Hesseli YanZhi,to Kulun to appease the Dalai Lama's return to Tibet.In July of the 31 st year of Guangxu(1905),Yan Zhi was granted the post of Minister of Kulun by the Qing court.The 13 th Dalai Lama stayed in Kulun for nearly two years until March of the 32 nd year of Guangxu(1906).Yan Zhi sent the 13 th Dalai Lama to Mongolia and went to Xining.When YanZhi took office as the Minister of Kulun,the Qing court ordered the start of the implementation of the New Deal on the border.As a result,a series of thorny New Deal affairs such as the release of the Mongolian border and the return of Russian businessman Kelede to Kulun to reopen the gold mine followed.Yan Zhi focused on the development of the New Deal at home.According to the actual situation,after rational analysis,he reported to the Qing court and took reasonable measures to develop Kulun's culture,education and health in a timely manner;The foreign countries are mainly stable borders,and they strive to safeguard the interests of the Qing court.In particular,the stimulus provided by the "Beijing-Paris" rally in 1907,the Qing court paid further attention to the traffic between Mongolia and the Mainland.Many members of the Qinggovernment have played various kinds of railway construction and set up car companies to improve traffic.As the minister of Coulomb,YanZhi not only responded to the consultation of the Central Government such as the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and the Ministry of Commerce on this issue,but also expressed his understanding of the situation and local conditions.In view of the performance of Qianhourenkulun's minister,the extension of the implementation of the New Deal is still sound,which has to some extent promoted the understanding of new things in the Mongolian society.Although YanZhi was appointed to implement the New Deal during his term of office and hoped to promote the development of the Kulun region,at this time,the Qing dynasty's national strength declined,its control over Mobei Mongolia weakened,and it was unable to operate border affairs on a large scale.On the contrary,the imperialist and Russian forces are pressing forward,constantly eating away at the Outer Mongolia region,and gradually strengthening their interference in foreign Mongolian affairs.In the face of pressure,YanZhi had to use remaining prestige or influence and the ruler of the Qing Dynasty,to deal with him,and at the same time to exert his own experience in handling affairs and governance.He tried his best to coordinate the forces of all parties and maintain the stability of the border during his term of office.A comprehensive review of the deeds of YanZhi's administration canbe seen.Although YanZhi was appointed to handle the repatriation of the Dalai Lama,implement the New Deal,and use Russian businessmen to protect the rights of the Qing Dynasty at the same time,there were gradual suggestions for improving traffic in Mongolia.However,as a frontier,He was unable to change the National situation in the late Qing Dynasty.It is also difficult to respond effectively to complex international situations in Monoglia area.The building will lean,and it will be difficult to support alone.This article hopes to use the case of YanZhi to investigate the governance ability and subject background of the frontier officials in the late Qing Dynasty to further understand the situation in northern Mongolia in the late Qing Dynasty.