A Study On Manchu Minister Chang Geng In Late Qing Dynasty

Chang Geng(1843.10-1914.11), courtesy name Shao Bai, belongs to the Manchu Yellow Banner. Chang Geng was an important Manchu Minister, who was active in the Northwest China in the late Qing Dynasty. He successively served as the Yili vice commander, Amban of Tibet, the Yili General (twice) and the Shan-Gan Governor. Since participating in retaking Xin jiang, he made a lot of contributions in the western. From Bayan Dai Minister to Yili vice commander, his promotion was fast, then he has a chance to become the official dealing with the affairs of Tibetan. Over forty years in frontier, he was an important minister with rich experience on boundary governance and made a positive contribution to the stability and development of the frontier region in late Qing Dynasty.With the clues of time and space, the dissertation contains three major parts. Firstly, he dealt with two affairs:one was the aftermath of riots in Zhan Dui, the other was the solution of guarding the frontier after the English invasion. Secondly, there were four events during the first term of Yili General. First of all, he was in charge of the rectification work after Xin jiang Province was founded; secondly, he negotiated with Russia on the frontier affairs, and the most extraordinary one was to retake Barluke Mountain coercively rend by Russia; thirdly, work of settling down of the the Kazakh nomads; lastly, on the issue of Altai defensive; and there were three aspects that he focused on new policy during the second term of Yili General:training new army, developing industry, commerce and education.Thirdly, when he was appointed the Shan-Gan Governor, the Empire court held a preparatory constitution, he actively cooperated to carry out effective work. He had to leave after Gansu province was announced to recognize the Republic in the Revolution of1911.At the end of the dissertation, a more comprehensive summary on Chang Geng were made by author from his innovative thinking, the thinking of guarding the frontier and what he did in the Revolution of1911.