A Study On The Evolution Of Young Marx’s Self-consciousness

Marx devoted all his life to the realization of "man’s liberation and all-round development of freedom",and the development of "man" and "freedom" cannot be separated is inseparable from the deepening of self-consciousness.Since ancient Greece,human beings have been full of curiosity about the relationship between human beings and themselves.Philosophers have also taken self-awareness as the most important research object,hoping to explain the meaning of existence between human beings and the world.However,the understanding of self-consciousness of philosophers before Marx only remained at some subjective level and failed to play a practical role in the realization of human freedom and liberation.It was not until the birth of Marx’s self-consciousness thought,that this has been sublimated got the sublimation in essence,and also left a great mark on Marxist philosophy and even the history of world philosophy.Marx’s thought of self-consciousness was developed step by step from his youth.The main source of Marx’s early self-consciousness is the German classical philosophy.Influenced by Hegel’s philosophy in university,Marx began to study the three schools of thought in ancient Greece after he joined the young Hegelians.Until he discovered the deviation theory of Epicurus’ philosophy,Marx regarded this thought as the most important academic study at the moment.In his doctoral thesis,Marx,by studying the differences between the natural philosophy of Epicurean and the natural philosophy of Democritus,highlighted the movement form of atoms,expressed the thought theory of self-consciousness,and formed the bud of free thought.As the editor of Rheinische Zeitung,Marx dealt directly with the government and had to pay attention to the complex social realities of Germany.Marx found that the self-consciousness theory expressed in his doctoral thesis was in conflict with the self-consciousness in real life.In the continuous criticism of the German Prussian government,Marx’s purely and abstract self-consciousness gradually faded.Marx’s two articles,"On The Jewish Question" and "Hegel’s Philosophy Comment Preamble" published in the Almanac of Germany and German-French Yearbook,indicating that Marx’s thought of self-consciousness was gradually replaced by "human liberation",and the individual subject of self-consciousness became the subject of class.The proletariat is the source of the power of human liberation,and the freedom corresponding to the self-consciousness becomes the freedom of human liberation,namely,the freedom of the proletariat.At this time,Marx’s self-consciousness thought has stepped went up a step,from an idealist to a materialist,and then turn to a revolutionary democrat and communist.The Manuscripts of Economics and Philosophy 1844,The Theses on Feuerbach and the German Ideology are mature works of Marx’s self-consciousness.He deepened his self-consciousness in the form of philosophical criticism,and gained a deep understanding of the development direction of social and historical process through the criticism of political economics.Finally,he established the historical materialism that can truly realize human freedom and liberation.Marx’s self-consciousness is an important part of Marx’s thought and the best academic source to explore the relationship between man and freedom.The knowing evolution process of young Marx’s self-consciousness is helpful for us to deepen our understanding of Marx’s self-consciousness and even Marxist philosophy,so as to thus providing theoretical help and reference for others to study Marx’s self-consciousness.