Neighbors:Housing Segregation And Fair Housing Acts In Seattle In The Context Of The Civil Rights Movement

Since the 20th century,the emergence of large black migration and other ethnic migration has made many cities in the United States face complex apartheid predicament.In the 1930s,the federal government implemented housing zoning and the "red line" system in its policy of subsidizing low-income public housing,openly implemented housing segregation regulations,and divided urban residential areas into segregated and separated layouts according to race or class.At the same time,racial restrictive residence treaties,hidden discrimination in the real estate industry,differential treatment of bank loans and racial exclusion rules in the insurance industry have also deeply solidified the housing segregation system.As a result,many immigrant cities in the northwest restrict ethnic groups to specific communities and exclude them from white communities,making it impossible for ethnic minorities to buy a house or a good house.Subsequently,the apartheid Ordinance was convicted by the Supreme Court of illegality in 1948,but the situation has not been reversed.The Housing Act,enacted in 1949,was devoted to sub sidizing low-income families.As a result,lots of cheap houses were reduced to slums.Until the 1950s and the late 1960s,with the civil rights struggle in major cities in the United States,the deep-rooted apartheid system of housing suffered a fatal blow.Seattle,as a representative city in the Circum-Pacific region,has also been involved in the wave of social reform against housing segregation and the establishment of a fair housing system,becoming a pioneer of reform.In 1962,the Kennedy Administration announced the abolition of the zonal segregation system in the previous subsidized housing policy.Eventually,the crucial Fair Housing Act was formally passed in 1968,which marked the complete abolition of apartheid in housing,the opening of housing to non-white groups,and the protection of citizens' equal living rights.Forty years after the adoption of the Housing Act,the housing anti-segregation struggle in Seattle has achieved fruitful results,making the Northwest China a national famous pioneer of racial equality,but the layout of housing segregation has always been unable to eradicate completely,and there are many hidden dangers behind the fair housing policy.