A Study On The "Provinces And Counties Coexist With The Alliance Banners" In Inner Mongolia During The Republic Of China(1928-1936)

In 1928,the Nanjing Nationalist Government achieved formal unification.The internal political factions were intricate.With the aggression of imperialist countries,the internal and external situation was complex,and it was faced with a heavy task of national integration.Therefore,the reconstruction of the administrative system in ethnic minority areas has become an important measure to promote national integration.Since the end of 1920,Inner Mongolia has been transformed into a province or county,and the situation of "Provinces and counties coexist with the alliance banners " was formed.The administrative system of provinces counties and alliance banners has not developed smoothly.There are frequent disputes on political and economic issues between the two sides.The authorities of alliance banners are often oppressed by provincial and county governments.Representatives of the alliance banners in Inner Mongolia have repeatedly petitioned the National Government to preserve the alliance banners system and safeguard their independent rights and interests.Against this background,the National Government convened a meeting to discuss with the representatives of the alliance banners how to solve the relationship between provinces and counties and the alliance banners,and formulated plans to safeguard the system of the alliance banners and its rights and interests.The relative balance between the central government and the ethnic minority areas has gradually been broken,and the interaction between the central government and the ethnic minority areas has begun around the issue of "Provinces and counties coexist with the alliance banners ",which is also a process of game and compromise between the central government and the ethnic minority areas.During 1928-1936,the interaction between Nanjing National Government and the representatives of Inner Mongolia's alliance banners was mainly centered on the problem of "provinces and counties coexist with the alliance banners ".The demands of the representatives of the Inner Mongolian alliance banners and the countermeasures of the National Government are mainly reflected in this period.Therefore,the 1928-1936 period as a historical unit,this paper analyses the positive role and existing problems of the situation of "Provinces and counties coexist with the alliance banners ",evaluates the response of the Nanjing National Government and the demands of the representatives of the alliance banners,and recognizes how the National Government mediates the relationship between provinces counties and alliance banners,so as to adapt to the transformation of the national political system and safeguard national unity.From five chapters,this paper will study the "provinces and counties coexist with the alliance banners " in Inner Mongolia during 1928-1936.The first chapter mainly explains the historical basis of the situation of "Provinces and counties coexist with the alliance banners " in Inner Mongolia.At the end of the Qing dynasty,in Inner Mongolia,two administrative systems were set up to manage the immigrant population,parallel to the alliance banner system.During the period of Beijing government,special district system and county administration were established.On this basis,the Nanjing National Government carried out the reform of provinces and counties to form a situation of "Provinces and counties coexist with the alliance banners ".Chapter two mainly discusses the beginning of the negotiations between the Central Committee and the delegation of the alliance banner on the issue of "Provinces and counties coexist with the alliance banners ".After the national government changed the province into a county in Inner Mongolia,the provincial government often conflicts with the alliance banner authorities in order to increase the county jurisdiction and tax revenue.The representatives of the alliance banner appealed to the National Government to retain the political and economic rights and interests of the alliance banner.In this context,Fengtian and Changchun meetings were held to discuss how to reconcile the conflicts between provinces counties and the alliance banner how to safeguard the alliance banner system.Chapter three elaborates the promulgation of "the Organic Law of Mongolian alliance banner ",which determines the parallel relationship between provinces,counties and alliance banners.In 1930,the Mongolian Conference was convened and the Organic Law of Mongolian Alliance Banner was promulgated.The Act affirmed that the provincial and county system was in the same position as the Alliance Banner system,affirmed the governance of the Alliance Banner over the Mongolian people and regions in the territory,and affirmed the direct relationship with the National Central Government.But it did not have an effective impact.Chapter four,the Mongolian local autonomous government committee is analyzed.Representatives of the alliance banners asked the National Government to establish a unified organizational structure in Inner Mongolia to take charge of the affairs of the alliance banners.In 1934,the Central Committee formulated the Principles of Mongolian Autonomy Measures and established the Mongolian Local Autonomous Administrative Committee.In 1936,the Mongolian Local Autonomous Government Committee was split up.Chapter five,analyze the influence of the problem of "Provinces and counties coexist with the alliance banners ".Firstly,the implementation of the provincial,county and alliance banner system in Inner Mongolia is a necessary process for the establishment of a nation-state in modern times,which has a certain impact on the integration of the country.Moreover,it embodies democratic political factors.Secondly,there are some problems.We should continue the traditional policy of administering Mongolia,adopt the strategy of national oppression,and mix the local strength factors into the policy-making.