Research On Hunchun's Opening Port And Establishing Customs And Its Foreign Trade(1907-1931)

Hunchun is located at the intersection of Northeast Asia and borders Russia and the DPRK.It is the boundary between China,North Korea and Russia.It is an important window for economic exchanges between the Northeast and neighboring countries.Since the Opium War,the powers have come to the fore.With the continuous infiltration of the powers of the powers,the powers of the powers have expanded from the southeast coast to the northeastern part of China.In 1861,Yingkou opened the port,marking the beginning of foreign trade in the Northeast.After the Japanese-Russian war,the Sino-Japanese Treaty on the Treaty of the Three Eastern Provinces called for the opening of the Qing Dynasty.The Qing government was considered in the border crisis and opened in the spring of 1907.In 1909,it was set up in Hunchun,and it was called Hunchun Pass.The modern trade of Hunchun in modern times began.From 1907 to 1931,Hunchun's main trade targets were the DPRK,Japan,and Russia,but the frequency of trade with the three countries was different at different times.In the early period,Hunchun carried out border trade with Russia,the DPRK and Japan.In 1922,due to the Russian Vladivostok port changed to a military port,Hunchun's trade with Russia gradually decreased.The trade between Hunchun and North Korea is the most frequent,with the largest trade volume compared with other countries or regions.The trade between Hunchun and Japan is mainly based on the input of goods to Hunchun,and the output is small.During this period,Hunchun's foreign trade also showed the trend of rising trade volume,fluctuations in daily consumption of imported goods,raw materials for export commodities,taxation by foreigners,and extremely low customs tax rates.It is closely related to the background of the era of Hunchun's foreign trade.Since the establishment of the customs in Hunchun,foreign trade has been developing continuously.This has to some extent undermined the feudal economic structure and the traditional economic operation mode,which caused the feudal economy to collapse and promote the increase of the proportion of capitalist economic components and the establishment of economic methods.The development of Hunchun City,such as the development of the transportation industry and the progress of communication.Hunchun's foreign trade also promoted regional economic trade in Northeast Asia,and all trading countries obtained raw materials from them,alleviating the shortage of resources.Economic exchanges also promote regional cultural exchanges,the arrival of missionaries,and the output of medieval books are important manifestations of cultural exchanges.However,it is undeniable that Hunchun's foreign trade was carried out in the context of continuous infiltration and constant aggression by the powers.The formulation of tax rules has lost autonomy.The types of import and export commodities are not in accordance with the laws of market operation,but Take what you need.This unfair trade between countries and regions served the aggressors and made material preparations for the launch of the war of aggression in the future.In 1931,Japan launched the September 18 Incident,and the crisis in the spring and even the entire Northeast Frontier further deepened.