The Research On Bullitt To China And Postwar Sino-US Relationship

During Anti-Japanese War,the United States provided substantial aids to China,and established the "supporting Chiang Kai-shek and opposing the CCP" as the America Policy to China in the eve of victory of the World War ?,but the Aids to China which under this policy became a disputed problem in the Sino-US diplomatic.According to How should America did to aid the Kuomintang regime,and how to set the degree of assistance,and many other issues,those who hold different positions have different ideas.When Marshall,Wedemayer and other official representatives who leading the US Policy to China advocated that the amount of aid to be given by the United States should be based on the KMT's reform and appeared hesitant to the Aid to China,an unofficial person,who had long been no interest in China,suddenly appeal strongly to the United States to give massive military and economic aid to the KMT regime without hesitation,he also used his diplomatic experience and diplomat identity to active in Washington,lobbied Congress,associated with the right-wing media and the Republican members to create public opinion atmosphere for aid to China,forced the Democratic White House to compromise and adopt their opinions of aid to China actually.This person was William Christian Bullitt.Bullitt was the first USA ambassador in the Soviet Union,and a heavyweight in the United States diplomatic.During the period of serving as ambassador to the Soviet Union,Bullitt,who advocated including Bolshevik regime originally toward the opposite,became an extreme "anti-Communist" and safeguarded the national interest of American.Driven by the ideology,Bullitt strongly advocated the United States should take the initiative to contain Soviet expansion and the spread of communism,and constructed a USA-leading Postwar World Pattern,established the advantage of geopolitical.After the World War ?,Bullitt began to turn his attention to the Far East,and paid attention to China.The Marshall Mission's fail and the "mistakes" of American Policy to China made Bullitt worry about the American interests in the Far East.In July 1947,as a representative of "Time" and"Life",Bullitt spent two months visiting to and surveying China,after returning to American,he written and published the "A Report to American People on China." Although the article aroused great controversy,it made Bullitt be famous in Washington,helped him becoming an expert in the Far East,and also got the good graces of the Republican,who was preparing to attack the Democratic party's Policy to China in order to win the 1948 Presidential Election.Bullitt soon became a member of the "China lobby",and lobbied for aiding Chiang throughout Washington.During the formulation of China Aid Act of 1948,Bullitt was involved into the domestic political struggle among the parties,and acted as a "bridge" between the Kuomintang and the Congress,had made great"contribution" in passing the China Aid Act.In May 1948,Bullitt visited China again,and received grand reception by the National government.But in the November 1948,Democratic Party won the Presidential Election again,Bullitt's political speculation was failed.Therefore,Bullitt,who lost political resources and political value,and the Nationalist China also came to the edge of ending.Although the intercourse between Bullitt and China was only two years,but this period was exactly the intense changing period of the whole political situation in China,and the Postwar Sino-US relationship was gambling.The relations between Bullitt to China and Sino-US relationship was important,and Bullitt had a profound connection with the process of American aid to China.Bullitt not only played an important but little-known role in the process,but also represented an aspect of postwar development of Sino-US relationship to a certain extentIn this paper,on the one hand,demonstrating the importance of Bullitt in the process of American aid to China by numerous historical data,and attributing Bullitt's behavior and philosophy to the ideological struggle under the special circumstances.On the other hand,exploring the postwar Sino-US relationship in the case of Bullitt,and to analyze the little-known aspect of Sino-US relationship,expecting the common views,from the personal perspective of Bullitt.The paper is divided into six chapters,each chapter is as follows:Chapter I:Retroactive Bullitt's experiences before visited China,elaborated Bullitt's secret visit to Moscow in 1919,and his transformation of cognition of the Soviet Union and Communism during the period of served as ambassador in the Soviet Union(1933-1936)and ambassador to France(1936-1939),furthermore,laid the foundation for deconstruction Bullitt's advocating active aid to China after the war through analyzing "The Great Globe itself'.Chapter II:Describe the background and course of Bullitt's visit to China in 1947,and focus on the investigation report—"A Report to American People on China" and Bullitt's American Aid Programs,which makes Bullitt become an expert on the Far East.Chapter III:Describe the various sectors of the Sino-US's debate on "A Report to American People on China" by a lot of comments and reports,and explore why the "A Report to American People on China "produce such a huge impact.Chapter IV:Research the Bullitt in the perspective of one of the early members of China lobby.Analyze the operation of "Aid Jiang Faction" through elaborating Bullitt's proposition and his participation in the political activities of American aid to China,to examine the influence of "aid" problem in the development of postwar Sino-US relationship.Chapter V:Describe the background and the process of Bullitt's visited China twice in 1948,from which can be seen how Bullitt,who devote himself to the development of postwar Sino-US relationship positively,from a honored visitant to a lonely departing guest,which reflects the outcome of the development of postwar Sino-US relationship.Chapter VI:In the perspectives of ideological,try to interpreting Bullitt's behavior and philosophy during 1947 and 1948.The National interest of "Great American",the purpose of "anti-Soviet and anti-communist" and "China complex" are profoundly reflect the roots of Bullitt's behavior and philosophy,who is a"ideologist".