An Experimental Analysis Of Tones In Jiaozhou Dialect

Jiaozhou is located in the north of Shandong province,which dialect geographically subordinates to East Wei area of East region in Shandong Dialect.Geographically,Jiaozhou dialect located in thejunction of three single-word dialect and four single-word dialect.From the view of tone category,Jiaozhou dialect have four mono-syllable tone,which include one falling tone,one level tone,and two falling-rising tones.The phenomenon that two falling-rising tones contrast with each other is isolated in Jiaodong peninsula.The traditional phonology has similar description of two tones,which cannot adequately distinguish them.Based on this special phenomenon,the paper aims to the contrast of the falling-rising tone,through the method of experimental acoustics.The main work started from the following aspects:Chapter one is introduction.This part explains the causes of the subject,describes the present academic research,and introduces the main research contents.Chapter two is experimental acoustic analysis on the mono-syllable tone in Jiaozhou dialect.The result of mono-syllable tonal pattern in Jiaozhou dialect obtained with experimental acoustic analysis indicate that mono-syllable tone system of Jiaozhou dialect contains four tones.Yinping is a weak falling-rising tone,which is fall a bit at the beginning,and then rnse rapidly until the end.Yangping is a high falling tone,and Shangsheng is high level tone.Qusheng is a typical falling-rising tone.Both Yinping and Qusheng belong to falling-rising tone,which contrast with each other not only at the ending pitch frequency,but also in the tonal register and the duration of the falling part,the latter of which is also knowing as the location of the turning point of the tone contour.Moreover,the differences of tones produced by different factors of ages and sex reflect the instability of falling-rising tone contour.Chapter three is experimental acoustic analysis on the bi-syllable tone in Jiaozhou dialect.In this part,the method of experimental acoustics is utilized to measure the bi-syllable tone sandhi of Jiaozhou dialect.There are 16 bi-syllable tone combination in Jiaozhou dialect.The former tone contour of Yinping and Qusheng merge together and change into middle level tone,which contrast with documentary records 20 years ago has enlarged.According to the rule of surrounding tone system development,this merger keep in step with the rule of surrounding three tone system development.The combination of Yinping and Qusheng in the tone sandhi is manifestation of tone development rule.Chapter four is experimental analysis of perception on the falling-rising tone.On the basis of acoustical characteristics of two falling-rising tones in Jiaozhou dialect,this part carried out the experimental analysis of perception on the falling-rising tone.The result shows that contrast between Yinping and Qusheng in acoustic feature is consistent with perceptive feature.But unlike the acoustic feature,perceptive distinctive feature has different effect.Duration not only can be independent perceptive distinctive feature,but also influence the location of perceived boundary.The pitch of the turning point of the tone contour play an independent role in distinguish tones,and its effect subject to the pitch of the ending point and duration.The pitch of the ending point of the tone contour cannot play an independent role as perceptive distinctive feature,and its effect subject to the pitch of the turning point and duration.In the perceptual mode,although the perceptual boundaries of the two fulling-rising tones are not clear enough,they show a tendency of categorization.The perceived difference between them in the synchronic plane is not sufficient,which further confirms the instability of the two fulling-rising tones in Jiaozhou dialect.