Classification Research On Nonstandard Characters In The Nonstandard Characters Dictionary Of Dunhuang

Nonstandard characters are one of the important subjects in the study of Chinese characters.With the development and prosperity of dunhuang scholarship,more and more attention has been paid to the nonstandard characters of dunhuang.The Nonstandard Characters Dictionary of Dunhuang by huang zheng is the most complete dictionary of dunhuang vulgarity so far,with 3,639 standard preambles and 1,0058 vulgarity glyphs.It has the characteristics of large quantity,full font,wide source,full style and multiple simplification.The common glyphs collected in The Nonstandard Characters Dictionary of Dunhuang can be divided into three categories: common writing,common borrowing,and common creation.In terms of common writing,there are 9,202 cases of common writing glyphs(including 551 cases of mixed common writing and borrowed common writing)in The Nonstandard Characters Dictionary of Dunhuang,which can be divided into three parts: common writing at the level of brush strokes,common writing at the level of components and the misuse of his word.There are three kinds of common writing at the brush level: increasing,decreasing,Increasing and decreasing and changing.The common writing at the component level can be divided into six categories: component displacement,component confusion,component adhesion,component dispersion,component change and Indirect components are missing.The proportion of common writing is over 90%,which is the main form of common writing.The most common common writing reason is the writer's subjective addition and subtraction in the writing process,which indicates that the main reason of common writing is irregular writing.In terms of common borrowing characters,there are 72 cases of common borrowing characters in The Nonstandard Characters Dictionary of Dunhuang(including 2 cases of common borrowing characters mixed with vulgarity),which can be divided into two categories: phonetic homonym and phonetic homonym.Common borrow word frequency is the lowest,accounting for less than 1% of the book.Common borrow words less,more is caused by misuse.In terms of common creation,there are 1075 cases of vulgarities in the dunhuang common creation(including 549 cases of vulgarities mixed with vulgarities),which can be divided into four parts: component increase,component reduction,component replacement and reconstruction.The increase of common creation characters in components can be divided into four categories: the increase of expressive components,the increase of phonetic components,the increase of semiotic components and the repeated accumulation of common creation characters in components;The reduction of components can be divided into two categories: reduction of components,Reduce the phonetic components and substitution of some components for the original characters;The substitution of components for common creation can be divided into two categories: semantic components and phonetic components.The proportion of common creation is relatively low,accounting for about 10% of the whole book.This kind of human-driven addition,subtraction and modification of components are rare in the creation of new characters,in which the frequency of addition and subtraction of sememe is significantly higher than that of phoneme,and the frequency of replacement of phoneme is significantly higher than that of sememe.This shows that in the process of character-making,the character is more dominant.