Research On Iron Handicraft Industry In Liao Dynasty

The Liao Dynasty was a national regime established by the Khitan.From the founding of the state in 916 to 1125.During the period,there were nine masters in the period.They unified the north and northeast of China and coexisted with the Northern Song Dynasty in the Central Plains and the Western Xia Dynasty in the west.It is one of the feudal regimes that have had an important influence in Chinese history‘Kidan'first seen in the‘Biography of Qidan in Wei Shu',the meaning of‘??',the metaphor of solid,thus showing the important position of the iron handicraft industry in this nation.The paper takes the iron handicraft industry of Liao Dynasty as the research object,systematically sorts out its development conditions,level and social impact,analyzes the regional and national characteristics reflected in the development process,elaborates and reveals its important significance in economic development and has an important impact on soceity.In the process of the research,this paper mainly focuses on the literature,combined with archaeological data and research results of related disciplines,and attempts to show the development of the iron handicraft industry in Liao Dynasty through multi-angle observation.Based on the comparative study of the iron and steel ruins found in the literature and archaeological data,it is basically determined that iron ore resources of the Liao Dynasty are mainly distributed in the eastern part of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region,the western part of Liaoning Province and the northern part of Hebei Province.Other areas are sporadic,and ‘near smelting' is a representative feature.The development of the iron handicraft industry in Liao Dynasty includes many aspects,such as management,types and uses of handicraft products,etc.On the basis of a brief orizontal comparison with the surrounding Central Plains,it is concluded that the management of the iron handicraft industry is mainly government-run,and also includes a part of folk hamdicraft industry.The production tools have the characteristics of ‘multi-purpose'.At the same time,the status of the employees of the iron handicraft industry in Liao Dynasty was discussed.It was mainly composed of Han people,Bohai people,Shiwei people and Xi people.Their status was slaves,and their social status was relatively low.They experienced a process of gradual rise and further differentiation in the middle and later stages.Finally,the general development of the development level and social impact of the iron handicraft industry in Liao Dynasty is still a certain gap with the development level of the Central Plains region,showing regional development imbalance,but the achievements can not be ignored.The growth of the iron handicraft industry in Liao Dynasty has a positive impact on the development of agriculture,the enhancement of military power,the prosperity of business and the improvement of social life.At the same time,it is an important part of the history of ancient Chinese handicraft industry and plays an important role in connecting the preceding with the following.