An Analysis Of The New Dualism

Marxism theory of consciousness,which was born more than100 years ago,has given a macroscopic discussion of the emergence,essence and function of consciousness under the premise of adhering to the monism of materialism.The consciousness of contemporary philosophy of mind and some aspects of these viewpoints or the content has something to match.Unlike Cartesian substance dualism,today's new dualism does not deny the ontological commitment of the dominant physicalism in the philosophy of mind(according to the interpretation of the terms“physicalism”and “materialism”by Daniel Stoljar in the Stanford Encyclopedia,the two are actually interchangeable.)but disagrees with some special psychological phenomena is reduced to matter.As a branch of traditional Western philosophy,the contemporary philosophy of mind has disagreed and disputed on certain specific issues of consciousness in the study of consciousness.However,it generally denies that Cartesian substance dualism of mind and body tends to think that consciousness is on ontology,which on the level is a materialistic view.Contemporary philosophers of the mind have agreed on the point that “ the overall picture of the world is to abide by the physical rules”,and the philosophy of mind has shifted from the opposition of traditional materialism and idealism to the evolution of materialism and naturalism.However,new dualism did not die out on this,on the contrary,in recent years,with the question of “qualia ”in the study of consciousness,the dualism that once disappeared has reappeared in a new form and had a great tendency to compete with materialism.(The famous American philosopher Richard Rorty aptly called this kind of dualism “ new dualism ” in his book“ Philosophy and The Mirror Of Nature”.)Whether or not the qualia can bereduced on the ontology,contemporary philosophy of mind is divided into two groups:reductive-phycialism and nonreductive-phycialism.The former mainly includes: Behaviorism,Mind-brain identity theory,Eliminative materialism and so on.The latter includes: Functionalism,Mind-body supervenience.They use logic and thought experiments and other means to demonstrate the “qualia” of consciousness from different angles,and thus propose a series of classical new arguments of dualism.Anti-physicists try to find a suitable non-reductive physical approach to consciousness in the context of a world that insists on physicalism.Some scholars engaged in the study of philosophy of mind in China believe that the rise of the new dualism in the philosophy of mind will challenge the Marxism theory of consciousness that adheres to the monism of materialism.The question of nonreductive-phycialism against the viewpoint of reductive-phycialism is also the questioning of Marxist consciousness.There are mainly the following aspects: How to understand the “ function and attribute of the human brain of consciousness”.The concepts of “function” and “attribute”are unclear,and there is a lack of argument for this conclusion.If the understanding of consciousness is the“function”and“attribute”of the human brain according to the relevant theories in the philosophy of mind,the result of dualism will be obtained.How to understand the issue of “ there is a counteraction of conscious-ness of matter”.Using the mind-body supervenience in the philosophy of mind to interpret it as the causal effect between consciousness and matter,it is bound to violate the principle of physical causal closure,so as to derive the result of “dualism”.How to understand the issue of“qualia”.Through the analysis of the above problems,it is more appropriate to examine the relationship between Marxist consciousness and the consciousness of contemporary philosophy of mind from two levels: the level of knowledge theory and the level of Marxist practical ontology.At the level of epistemology,the challenge of nonreductive-physcilism in philosophy of mind to Marxism theory of consciousness is effectively responded to and refuted through the research results of natural science and relevant philosophical viewpoints.On the level of practical ontology,the binary opposition between thinking and existence,consciousness and material has been completely eliminated through the material practice of human beings in the history of reality.Therefore,the nonreductive-phycialism in the contemporary Western philosophy of mind is not valid for the heckles of Marxist consciousness,at the same time,Marxist practical ontology may provide a useful enlightenment and way of thinking for solving the dispute between reductive-phycialism and nonreductive-phycialism on the issue of consciousness in the philosophy of mind today.